Lecture Review Quiz Flashcards
What does the study of plate tectonics include?
- The formation of plates
- How plates are formed
- How plates are destroyed
- How plates interact
Boundaries and physical properties of Earth’s interior bear directly on forces that do what?
- Deform Earth’s crust
- Trigger earthquakes
- Cause volcanos to erupt
- Drive the crustal plates around the globe
What are the two types of crust?
- Oceanic crust
- Continental crust
What is tectonics?
Tectonics is the large-scale processes affecting the structure of the Earth’s crust
What are the 10 plates or plate groupings?
- North American Plate
- Pacific Plate
- African Plate
- South American Plate
- Eurasian Plate
- Cocos/ Nazca/ Caribbean Plate
- Australian Plate
- Antarctic Plate
- Indian Plate
- Arabian Plate
What are the three types of plate boundaries?
- Divergent
- Convergent
- Transform
Divergent Boundary (Oceanic - Oceanic)
Process:
Features:
Example:
Process: Spreading center. The seafloor spreads apart; creating new seafloor; magma flows up
Features: Mid Ocean Ridge, Volcanos, Young lava flow
** Convection current
Example: Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Divergent Boundary (Continental - Continental)
Process:
Features:
Example
Process: Continental rifting process; continent splits apart creating new sea floor
Features: Rift Valley, Volcanos, Young lava flow
Example: East African Rift Valley, Iceland
Convergent Boundary (Oceanic - Continental)
Process:
Features:
Example:
Process: Plates moving together; subduction; old sea floor is destroyed
Features: Trench, Volcanic arc on land
Example: Andes Mountains, Peru - Chile Trench
Convergent Boundary (Oceanic - Oceanic)
Process:
Features:
Example:
Process: Plates moving together; subduction; old sea floor is destroyed
Features: Trench, Volcanic arc islands
Example: Mariana Trench
Convergent Boundary (Continental - Continental)
Process:
Features:
Example:
Process: Plates moving together
Features: Collision, Mountain Formation
Examples: Himalaya Mountains
Transform Boundaries (Oceanic or Continental)
Process:
Features:
Example:
Process: Plates sliding horizontally past one another
Features: Transform faulting, fault lines
Example: San Andreas Fault Line
What does a seismograph help determine?
- Location and thickness
- Some properties of the Earth’s internal zones
Primary Waves (P)
- The fastest
- Movement parallel to propagation
- Speed differs with material density and elastic properties
- Can pass through liquids
- Are slowed and refracted
- Shadow zones
Secondary Waves (S)
- Travel 1-2 km/sec slower than P Waves
- At right angles to the direction of propagation of energy
- Cannot travel through the dense rock of the lower mantle therefore reflect off it
- Can not pass through the liquid outer core