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Pharmacology Test #2 > Lecture Review Questions (from power points) > Flashcards

Lecture Review Questions (from power points) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key neurotransmitters/hormones of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system?

A

Acetylcholine

Norepinephrine

Epinephrine

Dopamine

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2
Q

Name the types of receptors that bind acetylcholine and where are they located?

A

nicotinic = ganglionic receptors in both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

muscarinic = effector organ on parasympathetic side; neuromuscular junction on skeletal muscles

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3
Q

A muscarinic agonist causes what effects in the eye?

A

miosis

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4
Q

A muscarinic agonist causes what effects in the respiratory system?

A

bronchoconstriction

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5
Q

A muscarinic agonist causes what effect in the cardiovascular system?

A

slow HR

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6
Q

A muscarinic agonist causes what effect in the genitourinary system?

A

urinary emptying –> stimulation of muscles, relaxation of sphincters

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7
Q

A muscarinic agonist causes what effect in the gastrointestinal tract?

A

Aids in digestion:

increase motility

relax sphincters

increase secretions

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8
Q

Name the types of adrenergic receptors

A

alpha1

alpha2

beta1

beta2

dopamine

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9
Q

What effect would a muscarinic agonist have on the sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system?

A

None

no muscarinic receptors on the sympathetic side of the autonomic nervous system

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10
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that metabolizes acetylcholine?

A

acetylcholinesterase = AChE

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11
Q

What are the names of the two enzymes that metabolize norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine?

A

MAO

COMT

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12
Q

What is NET and what does it do?

A

it is a transporter

responsible for the reuptake of norepinephrine into axon terminals in the synapse between two nerves

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13
Q

What effect occurs when alpha1 receptors are stimulated by agonists in the cardiovascular system?

A

None in the heart

peripheral vessels = vasoconstrictors (increase BP)

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14
Q

What effect occurs when alpha2 receptors are stimulated by agonists in the cardiovascular system?

A

vasoconstriction if give locally

vasodilation in the brain

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15
Q

What effect occurs when beta1 receptors are stimulated by agonists in the cardiovascular system?

A

found just in the heart

causes increase HR and contractility

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16
Q

What effect occurs when beta2 receptors are stimulated by agonists in the cardiovascular system?

A

found throughout the vasculature

causes vasodilation

17
Q

Why do organophosphates inhibit acetylcholinesterase for so long compared to other types of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

A

they covalently bond to AChE

18
Q

What effects do anticholinergic agents have on the eye?

A

mydriasis

decrease secretions

19
Q

What effects to anticholinergic agents have on the respiratory tract?

A

bronchodilation

20
Q

What effects do anticholinergic agents have on the gastrointestinal tract?

A

slow motility

21
Q

What effects do anticholinergic agents have on the genitourinary tract?

A

Urinary retention

22
Q

What actions occur with the use of adrenergic antagonists in the cardiovascular system?

A

vasodilation:

drop in BP

slow HR

decrease contractility (beta1)

23
Q

What actions occur with the use of adrenergic antagonists in the pulmonary system?

A

bronchoconstriction –> worsen asthma/copd

24
Q

What actions occur with the use of adrenergic antagonists in the eyes?

A

decrease intraocular pressure

25
Q

What actions occur with the use of adrenergic antagonists on glucose?

A

block mechanisms that contribute to hypoglycemia

26
Q

What actions occur with the use of adrenergic antagonists on lipids

A

increase LDL

decrease HDL

27
Q

Explain the mechanism of action of a ganglionic blocking agent?

A

Antagonist of nicotinic receptors @ the ganglionic level of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

28
Q

What is the difference between a non depolarizing neuromuscular blocker and a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker?

A

Have the same effect in the end

nondepolarizing NM block = antagonist of nicotinic receptors

depolarizing NM block = super agonist; keep binding and stimulating, muscle can’t relax, can’t depolarize –> paralysis

29
Q

What is ISA? How does it change the effect of a beta blocker?

A

ISA = intrinsic sympathomimetic activity

beta-blocker that also acts as a beta agonist

30
Q

What are some limitations of beta blocker use?

A

worsen COPD/asthma symptoms

bradycardia

blocks compensatory mechanisms of and masks symptoms of hypoglycemia

worsen’s pts w/ high cholesterol

Pharmacology Test #2 (7 decks)

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