Lecture Review Questions (from power points)

Question 1

What are the key neurotransmitters/hormones of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 1

Acetylcholine

Norepinephrine

Epinephrine

Dopamine

Question 2

Name the types of receptors that bind acetylcholine and where are they located?

Answer 2

nicotinic = ganglionic receptors in both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems

muscarinic = effector organ on parasympathetic side; neuromuscular junction on skeletal muscles

Question 3

A muscarinic agonist causes what effects in the eye?

Answer 3

miosis

Question 4

A muscarinic agonist causes what effects in the respiratory system?

Answer 4

bronchoconstriction

Question 5

A muscarinic agonist causes what effect in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 5

slow HR

Question 6

A muscarinic agonist causes what effect in the genitourinary system?

Answer 6

urinary emptying –> stimulation of muscles, relaxation of sphincters

Question 7

A muscarinic agonist causes what effect in the gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 7

Aids in digestion:

increase motility

relax sphincters

increase secretions

Question 8

Name the types of adrenergic receptors

Answer 8

alpha1

alpha2

beta1

beta2

dopamine

Question 9

What effect would a muscarinic agonist have on the sympathetic portion of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 9

None

no muscarinic receptors on the sympathetic side of the autonomic nervous system

Question 10

What is the name of the enzyme that metabolizes acetylcholine?

Answer 10

acetylcholinesterase = AChE

Question 11

What are the names of the two enzymes that metabolize norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine?

Answer 11

MAO

COMT

Question 12

What is NET and what does it do?

Answer 12

it is a transporter

responsible for the reuptake of norepinephrine into axon terminals in the synapse between two nerves

Question 13

What effect occurs when alpha1 receptors are stimulated by agonists in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 13

None in the heart

peripheral vessels = vasoconstrictors (increase BP)

Question 14

What effect occurs when alpha2 receptors are stimulated by agonists in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 14

vasoconstriction if give locally

vasodilation in the brain

Question 15

What effect occurs when beta1 receptors are stimulated by agonists in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 15

found just in the heart

causes increase HR and contractility

Question 16

What effect occurs when beta2 receptors are stimulated by agonists in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 16

found throughout the vasculature

causes vasodilation

Question 17

Why do organophosphates inhibit acetylcholinesterase for so long compared to other types of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

Answer 17

they covalently bond to AChE

Question 18

What effects do anticholinergic agents have on the eye?

Answer 18

mydriasis

decrease secretions

Question 19

What effects to anticholinergic agents have on the respiratory tract?

Answer 19

bronchodilation

Question 20

What effects do anticholinergic agents have on the gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 20

slow motility

Question 21

What effects do anticholinergic agents have on the genitourinary tract?

Answer 21

Urinary retention

Question 22

What actions occur with the use of adrenergic antagonists in the cardiovascular system?

Answer 22

vasodilation:

drop in BP

slow HR

decrease contractility (beta1)

Question 23

What actions occur with the use of adrenergic antagonists in the pulmonary system?

Answer 23

bronchoconstriction –> worsen asthma/copd

Question 24

What actions occur with the use of adrenergic antagonists in the eyes?

Answer 24

decrease intraocular pressure

Question 25

What actions occur with the use of adrenergic antagonists on glucose?

Answer 25

block mechanisms that contribute to hypoglycemia

Question 26

What actions occur with the use of adrenergic antagonists on lipids

Answer 26

increase LDL decrease HDL

Question 27

Explain the mechanism of action of a ganglionic blocking agent?

Answer 27

Antagonist of nicotinic receptors @ the ganglionic level of both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Question 28

What is the difference between a non depolarizing neuromuscular blocker and a depolarizing neuromuscular blocker?

Answer 28

Have the same effect in the end nondepolarizing NM block = antagonist of nicotinic receptors depolarizing NM block = super agonist; keep binding and stimulating, muscle can't relax, can't depolarize --> paralysis

Question 29

What is ISA? How does it change the effect of a beta blocker?

Answer 29

ISA = intrinsic sympathomimetic activity beta-blocker that also acts as a beta agonist

Question 30

What are some limitations of beta blocker use?

Answer 30

worsen COPD/asthma symptoms bradycardia blocks compensatory mechanisms of and masks symptoms of hypoglycemia worsen's pts w/ high cholesterol