Lecture Quiz #4 Flashcards
What are the main characteristics of fibrous joints?
Fibrous joints are immovable, because the bones are firmly united by fibrous tissue. Examples include joints (sutures) between most bones of the skull.
What are the main characteristics of cartilaginous joints?
Cartilaginous joints are capable of only a slight rocking movement. Examples include the intervertebral disks between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae in the spine.
What are the main characteristics of synovial joints?
Synovial joints are freely movable joints such as the shoulder and stifle joints. All synovial joints share some common characteristics, including articular surfaces on the bones, articular cartilage covering the articular surfaces, and a fluid-filled joint cavity enclosed by a joint capsule. Firm connective tissue bands called ligaments may help stabilize the bones and hold the joint together.
What is synovial fluid and why is it important to the functioning of a synovial joint?
Synovial fluid is necessary for normal joint function. Synovial fluid moves into the cartilage when a joint is resting, and moves out into the joint space when the joint is active, particularly when the joint is engaged in a weight-bearing activity such as exercise. Synovial fluid lubricates the joints and permits smooth movement. It also provides important nutrients to them
What is the difference between a tendon and a ligament?
A tendon is a fibrous connective tissue which attaches muscle to bone. Tendons may also attach muscles to structures such as the eyeball. A tendon serves to move the bone or structure. A ligament is a fibrous connective tissue which attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to hold structures together and keep them stable.
Make the following joint movements with your own body: abduction, adduction, circumduction,
extension, flexion, and rotation.
OK!
Name the different types of synovial joints and give examples of each
- gliding joints (or planar joints) ▬ the carpals of the wrist
- hinge joints ▬ the elbow
- pivot joints ▬ atlanto-axial joint, proximal radioulnar joint, and distal radioulnar joint
- condyloid joints (or ellipsoidal joints) ▬ radiocarpal joint
- saddle joints ▬ joint of thumb (between the metacarpal and carpal - the trapezium)
- ball and socket joints ▬ the shoulder (glenohumeral), and hip joints
- compound joints ( ==> sometimes excluded to give a total of 6 types of joints )»_space;
……………………..▬ the knee joint
What are all the types of movements that synovial joints can do?
Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, rotation and circumduction
Understand: adduction, abduction, circumduction, flexion, etc.
Be able to identify types of joint movement and which types of joints can do which movement
I will think about it!
Name four specific skeletal differences/names that are different from birds as compared to cats
Reduction in # of bones
Fusion of bones to form plates strength/simplify movement
Reduction of density-bony braces
Loss of internal bone matrix
What are the common bones of the avian forelimb?
Second digit Major metacarpal Alula ( 1st digit) Humerus Radius Ulna
What are the common bones of the avian hind limb?
Femur
Tibiotarsus
Tarsometatarsus
Hallux
What are the differences in avian vertebrae?
Have less vert in 3 central regions
MORE in cervical and coccygeal 11-25 cerv vert
Atlas has single condyle ball and socket joint - >range motion
Thoracic ridged and some posses uncinate process to strengthen for flight
What are avian air sacs?
Thin walled, lightly vascularized, transparent membranes that make up 80% of total volume of respiratory system.
How many avian air sacs are there?
Nine - four are paired
Paired: cranial thoracic, caudal thoracic, cervical and abdominal.
The unpaired sac is the interclavicular located in the thoracic inlet btw clavicles
