lecture quiz 3 Flashcards
Imagine you are studying organisms of an unknown species. You know that these organisms are either animals, plants, or fungi. Which of the following observations would provide the strongest evidence that these organisms are fungi?
- The observation of haploid cells that can divide by mitosis.
- The observation that fertilization involves the fusion of two haploid gametes.
- The observation of some diploid cells and that these diploid cells only divide using meiosis.
- All three of these observations would provide equally strong evidence that these organisms are animals.
The observation of some diploid cells and that these diploid cells only divide using meiosis.
Human cells have a diploid number of 46. How many chromosomes does a human cell have during anaphase of mitosis?
92
Which of the following statements about the cell cycle is/are true?
- Cyclin-dependent protein kinases are only active during specific points of the cell cycle.
- There is twice as much DNA in the cell during the G2 phase than during the G1 phase.
- Cell growth occurs throughout the interphase, including during the G1, S, and G2 phases.
- All three of the other statements are true.
All three of the other statements are true.
Which of the following statements about sister chromatids and non-sister chromatids is/are true?
- Sister chromatids and non-sister chromatids contain identical copies of the same genes in the same order.
- Crossing-over can occur between sister chromatids or between non-sister chromatids.
- Sister chromatid are produced through DNA replication in the S phase of the cell cycle.
- All three of the other statements are true.
Sister chromatid are produced through DNA replication in the S phase of the cell cycle.
Which of the following statements about asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction is/are true?
- Ignoring crossing-over, a sexually reproducing animal with a diploid number of 20 can produce twice the number of genetically unique gametes than can be produced by a sexually reproducing animal with a diploid number of 18.
- Only haploid organisms can reproduce asexually.
- Mitosis does not occur in sexually reproducing organisms.
- All three of the other statements are true.
Ignoring crossing-over, a sexually reproducing animal with a diploid number of 20 can produce twice the number of genetically unique gametes than can be produced by a sexually reproducing animal with a diploid number of 18.
Which of the following statements is/are true?
- All three of the other statements are true.
- Repetitive DNA can help maintain the structural integrity of a genome.
- Repetitive DNA can influence the traits of an organism.
- Repetitive DNA can influence gene expression.
All three of the other statements are true.
Dogs are diploid species and contain 22 pairs of chromosomes per cell. Ignoring crossing over, how many genetically unique gametes can be produced by pair or rabbits?
17,592,186,044,416
Which of the following mutations could result in cancer?
- A mutation resulting in deletion of a receptor involved in the “density-dependent inhibition” signalling pathway.
- A mutation preventing a cell from passing the G1 checkpoint.
- A mutation resulting in a receptor no longer being able to bind to growth factors.
- All three of the other options describe mutations that could lead to cancer.
A mutation resulting in deletion of a receptor involved in the “density-dependent inhibition” signalling pathway.
Human cells have a diploid number of 46. How many chromosomes does a human cell have during anaphase of meiosis II?
92
Which of the following statements correctly describes mitosis and meiosis?
- Gametes are produced via meiosis in all sexually reproducing organisms.
- At the end of both mitosis and meiosis, cell division in animal cells occurs through the formation of a cleavage furrow.
- All three of the other statements are true.
- Only meiosis involves the exchange of DNA between non-homologous chromosomes.
At the end of both mitosis and meiosis, cell division in animal cells occurs through the formation of a cleavage furrow.
Imagine that Species A and Species B are closely related species. Species A has one hemoglobin gene, located on chromosome 5. Species B has two hemoglobin genes, one located on chromosome 5 and one located on chromosome 8. It is possible that the ancestor of Species A and Species B had one hemoglobin gene, and that a large-segment duplication followed by a translocation resulted in the second hemoglobin gene of Species B.
True/false
true
If you were to sequence a human genome today, how would the sequencing differ from that done during the Human Genome Project?
Sequencing a human genome today would be much cheaper and faster today than during the Human Genome Project.
Which of the following statements is/are true?
- Transposable elements can result in gene deletion by facilitating unequal crossing over.
- DNA polymerase replication errors can lead to changes in the number of repeats in simple sequence DNA.
- Genome rearrangements can be caused by errors during meiosis.
- All three of the other statements are true.
All three of the other statements are true.
Imagine you are working in a lab and you discover a new eukaryotic mobile element. You are unsure if it is a transposon or a retrotransposon. Which of the following observations would provide strong evidence that the element is a retrotransposon and not a transposon?
- Movement of the element result in an increase in the number of copies of the element in the genome.
- Movement of the element requires reverse transcription.
- Movement of the element requires creating a mobile copy of the element.
- All three of the observations would provide equally strong evidence that the element is a transposon.
Movement of the element requires reverse transcription.
Imagine you are studying the 5 Mb genome of a prokaryotic organism and the 50 Mb genome of a eukaryotic organism. Which of the following statement(s) is/are true?
- The eukaryotic genome likely has a lower gene density than the prokaryotic genome.
- It is possible that both genomes have the same number of genes.
- Only the eukaryotic genome contains genes with introns.
- All three of the other statements are true.
All three of the other statements are true.
