lecture questions

Question 1

which body water compartment is the largest?

Answer 1

intracellular

Question 2

a decrease in BP is detected by specialized cells in an artery. This information is transmitted to the brain. The brain then sends a signal to vascular smooth muscle, which contracts to raise BP. In this homeostatic system, smooth muscle is the:

Answer 2

effector

Question 3

The concept of homeostasis implies that

Answer 3

Physiological values can fluctuate in the short term but remain steady when averaged over a long time period

Question 4

depletion of a cell’s ATP stores could result in

Answer 4

• decreased primary active transport
• decreased secondary active transport
• alteratio in cell membrane potential

Question 5

what will happen to a cell placed in a solution containing 300 mosm/L NaCl (nonpenetrating) and 100 mosm/L urea (penetrating) and allowed to reach equilibrium

Answer 5

stay the same

Question 6

which type of solution will cause water to move out of a cell?

Answer 6

hypertonic

Question 7

which form of membrane transport uses a protein carrier to move a substance down its concentration gradient?

Answer 7

facilitated diffusion

Question 8

in the heart, activiation of Gs-coupled receptors causes the muscle cells to contract more forcefully. Milrinone is a drug that inhibits phosphodiesterase. How does milrinone affect the contraction of the heart?

Answer 8

makes it contract less forcefully

Question 9

aspirin inhibits the cyclooxygenase pathway. What are the effects of this enzyme’s inhibition?

Answer 9

• decreased prostaglandins leading to decreased inflammation
• decreased thromboxane leading to decreased clotting

Question 10

a sensory neuron that detects sensation in your toe is

Answer 10

afferent

Question 11

which one of these glial cells is INCORRECTLY paired with a function?
1. oligodendrocytes: form myelin in the CNS
2. microglia: control CSF production
3. Schwann cells: form myelin for peripheral axons
4. astrocytes: regulate extracellular environment in the brain

Answer 11

microglia: control CSF production
* actual function: “immune system” of the CNS

Question 12

the electrochemical gradient favors the movement of sodium ions __ the cell

Answer 12

into

Question 13

the electrical gradient favor the movement of potassium ions into the cell because:

Answer 13

the inside of the cell is negatively charged

Question 14

when the cell is repolarizing, Na+ channels are in the _ state

Answer 14

inactivated

Question 15

you accidentally touch a very hot pan on the stove. There is an initial jolt of pain, followed by a slower, burning sensation that starts about one second later. This “slow pain” is likely transmitted by nerve fibers that are:

Answer 15

small diameter and unmyelinated

Question 16

a drug is given that inhibits one of the inhibitory neurons. this would:

Answer 16

make the generation of action potentials more likely

Question 17

which type of receptor is responsible for increasing HR during sympathetic activation

Answer 17

beta

Question 18

atropine is a drug that blocks muscarinic receptors on the heart. How will it affect HR?

Answer 18

increased from resting rate to approx. 100 bpm

Question 19

which ANS divison is theoretically able to reach every cell in the body?

Answer 19

sympathetic

Question 20

which of the following is an incorrect pairing?

Answer 20

acetylcholine decreases digestion

Question 21

rapidly adapting sensory receptors:

Answer 21

fire in short bursts in response to a change in a stimulus

Question 22

the somatosensory cortex is in the __ lobe of the brain

Answer 22

parietal