Lecture Practice Flashcards
what are the 4 types of cryotherapy
ice massage, ice pack, cold immersion, and whirlpool
what is the temperature for cold immersion
4-10 degrees celsius
what is the temperature for whirlpool (cold)
10-15 degrees celsius
what can be done alongside cryotherapy
compression, elevation, and exercise
what are the time frames for CBAN
C = 1-3, B = 2-7, A = 2-7, N = 5-12+, numbness lasts for 3-5 minutes
what are the indications for cryotherapy
pain, spasm, inflammation/swelling
what are the precautions for cryotherapy
diminished sensation, poor local circulation, over superficial nerves, slow healing wounds, medically unstable
what are the contraindications for cryotherapy
raynauds phenomenon, cryoglobinemia, hemoglobinuria, cold urticarial (hives) , proximal cold
what are the types of thermotherapy
hot tub, heat pack, whirlpool, paraffin wax, heat lamp
how long is thermotherapy done
20-30 minutes
how do you prepare a heat pack
from hydrocollator (7-76 degrees C), 6 layers (terrycloth) + 1 towel
when is thermotherapy used
following inflammatory stage, for pain and spasm
what are the temperature guides
neutral = 92-96, warm = 96-98, hot = 98-104, very hot = 104-110
what are the indications for thermotherapy
decrease pain, decrease muscle spasms, heat superficial joint capsules
what are the precautions for thermotherapy
medically unstable, coronary heart disease
what are the contraindications for thermotherapy
open wound, diminished sensation, poor local circulation
what is ultrasound
heating or mechanical (crystal vibrations)
what is the dosage for ultrasound
0.1-3 W/cm^2
what is the frequency for ultrasound
deep = 1 and superficial = 3 MHz
what is the difference between thermal and non-thermal ultrasound
thermal = continous, non-thermal = pulsed with a 0.2-0.8 ms duty cycle
what is the purpose of non-thermal ultrasound
increase in metabolic activity of fibroblasts
what are the indications for ultrasound
heat deep tissue, increase blood flow deep, decrease inflammatory process and speed repair
what are the contraindications of ultrasound
pregnant, over pacemaker/eyes/genitals, over growth plates, acute inflammation, cancer history in area, infection
what are the 2 types of electrical currents
IFC and NMES
what is IFC for
pain modulation, neuromuscular facilitation, and increase circulation
what are the parameters for IFC
high = 80-150pps for sensory/sub-motor, low = 2-10pps for strong muscle contraction
how long should IFC be done for
15-20 minutes
whta can IFC be combined with
ice and heat
what is NMES for
reducing atrophy/weakness, retrain neuromuscular function following injury/surgery
skip card
what level is NMES performed at
whatever they can tolerate, strong muscle contraction
how long is NMES performed for
15 max contractions to 10-15 minutes of submaximal contractions
how is NMES performed
work with machine (1:5 ratio, with 2-3 second ramp up), co-contract agonists or reciprocal antagonist/agonist
what are the indications for electrical currents
pain control, decrease/prevent atrophy, restore neuromuscular control
what are the contraindications for electrical current
pregnancy, over carotid artery, cardiac pacemakers
what are the two ways to write goniometer scores
single-motion or SFTR
why is ROM used
circulation and vascular dynamics, synovial movement for cartilage nutrition, elasticity, maintain joint and CT mobility, help maintain awareness of movement
what is the general benefit of remobilization
prevent abnormal cross-links, increase fluid content in ECM of CT
what is the benefit of remobilization on muscle
increase hematoma absorption, strength and myofiber regeneration/arrangement
what is the benefit of remobilization on articular cartilage
controlled weight bearing and loading -> repairs damaged cartilage
what is the benefit of remobilization on periarticular CT
prevents abnormal crosslinks and maintains content of matrix
what is periarticular CT
ligaments, fascia, cap, tendons
what are the 4 mechanical CT properties present in collagen
elasticity, viscosity, viscoelasticity, and plasticity
what is viscoelasticity
resist force and return to normal if stretched too far
what is plasticity
allows permanent change
what is the main principle of stretching
move tissue into plastic range for long term effects
what is fatigue failure
structural failure causes tissue failure
what is structural fatigue
failures from cumulative stress (stress fractures, tendinopathy, etc.)
what is hysteresis
the repetitive stretching heats tissues to decrease viscosity. and increase length and failure point
what influences stretching/ROM
amount (type) of collagen/elastin in structure, amount of force applied, amount of time the force is applied, timing (stage of healing), tissue temperature, relationship (healing, degree, ability to change)
what is duration for stretching
10-30 seconds, 2-6 times per week, 2-6 sets
what is CREEP for
chronic fibrotic contractures, long static, can add heat, following immobilization, do AROM after
what is the timing for active stretching
15-30 seconds, 3-5 reps