Lab Practice Flashcards
what is used for ankle AROM and how often should it be done
toes on wall lunge stretch, 3x30 seconds, 5-6x per week
what are the measurements for ankle goniometer
90 is neutral, SA = to fib. head, MA = to 5th metatarsal, A = lat malleolus, M = PF, realign, DF
what are the normal ankle ROMs
PF = 50, DF = 20, In = 30-35, Ev = 15-20
what are the measurements for knee goniometer
0 is neutral, SA = to greater trochanter, A = in line with patella at lateral epicondyle, MA = to lat malleolus with fibula, M = flex, realign, ext
what should you be aware of when doing hip ab/add
avoid rotation
what are the normal ROMs for hip
F = 120, E = 30, IR/ER = 45, Ab = 45, Ad = 30
what should you be aware of when doing any shoulder ROM test
keep shoulders back/scaps together
what should be aware of for shoulder flexion goniometer
extension through trunk
what should you be aware of for shoulder abduction goniometer
lateral flexion
how do you measure medial and lateral shoulder rotation
SA = parallel to floor (pointing up), M = passive, A = at elbow, MA = radius/ulna
measure supine, MR = down, LR = up
keep scaps in contact with the table
what are normal shoulder roms
f = 180, e = 50, abd = 180, ir = 90, er = 90
what is the modified schobers test
between 2 psis’s and 15 cm above, any measure > 5 cm is good
how do you measure spine flex/ex with goniometer
sa = perp to floor, ma = in line with torso, a = lowest rib, m = active f and e
how do you measure spine lateral flexion with goniometer
sa = perp to floor (along spine), a = s1, ma = c7, m = keep knees straight
what are the normal spine roms
f = 50, e = 15, lf = 20, lr = 5
what are the primary scap stabilizers
superior and medial inferior traps, rhomboids, and serratus anterior
what are the sets/reps for scap stabilizers
endurance so <67%, > 12 reps, 2-3 sets, <30 sec rest
what should you always do with rotator cuff strengthening
retract scaps!!
what are the muscles of the rotator cuff
IR = subscap, ER = infraspin, teres minor, and and supraspin
what is the role of the rotator cuff
stabilize and centralize humeral head through range
what is the difference between towel and no towel rotator cuff strengthening
towel = less delt and supraspin (at 15 degrees)
no towel = less ER’s
what are the phases of gait and what is activated
terminal swing = hams eccentric
heel strike = both glutes and hams concentric
after heel strike = glutes extend hip
what is glute dysfunction
glutes don’t turn on, substitute with low back and hams (pain and tight)
how do you test for glute dysfunction
in prone or with fitter
what is the difference between OKC and CKC (benefits)
OKC = better following surgery, for stabilizers and endurance
CKC = weight bearing, increased compression, increased resistance, have to start later
what is towel used for ankle
slides (in and ev) and scrunches (pf)
what is the band used for ankle
noose for pf, df, and inv/ev
what influences balance
strength and 3 systems
what are the 3 systems involved in balance
visual, vestibular, proprioceptive
how do you progress balance movements
static -> dynamic
simple -> complex
what does coordination involve
balance, precision of motion, speed of motion, strength
when should you use coordination
early in the session to prevent fatigue/bad engram
when endurance (reps) are high
anytime you can give feedback
how can you progress coordination
light -> heavy
slow -> fast
static -> dynamic
simple -> complex
low -> high reps
what is agility
the control of the body during rapid, complex, and skillful activities -> involves rapid change in direction, speeding up and slowing down
what are the components of agility
power
coordination
flexibility
speed
strength
how do you progress agility
simple -> complex
slow -> fast
cognitive -> automatic
how can you improve proprioception
ipsilateral and contralateral proprioception
how can you progress proprioception
straight plane -> functional plane
eyes open -> eyes closed
what should you look for in regards to muscles with coronal plane postural alignment
symmetrical muscle development and equal weight distribution
where should the scaps meet the ribs in posterior coronal plane
T2-T7
what are high arches correlated with
varus
what are flat feet correlated with
valgus
what are common postural deviations
kyphosis = rounded c-spine
hyperlordosis = excessive l-spine arch
sway back = head forward, rounded shoulders, arched l-spine
flatback = no curvature in spine, no l-spine curve
what are normal craig’s test measures? and what is anteversion vs retroversion
8-15, <8 = anteversion, > 15 = retroversion
what is squinting and frog-eyed correlated with (knees)
varus and valgus
what is normal tibial torsion and how is it measured
med to lat malleolus angle, normal = 12-18, 5 in kids
what is excessive tibial torsion measurement
> 20-25
what are the 4 ways to measure leg length
tape measure = ASIS to med malleoli
palpation and book = ASIS to bottom of foot
hip flexion test = femur length
knee flexion test = tibia length
what is the gold standard comparison measurement for leg length assessment
standing x-ray/ scanogram
