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EMT 205 > Lecture Points > Flashcards

Lecture Points Flashcards

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1
Q

What drug comes from foxglove?

A

Digoxin

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2
Q

What drug comes from nightshade?

A

Atropine

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3
Q

What are the 5 sources of drugs? (LAMMP)

A

Labs
Animal
Minerals
Microorganisms
Plants

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4
Q

Drugs that come from plants? (DAM)

A

Digoxin
Atropine sulfate
Morphine sulfate

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5
Q

Drugs that come from animals/humans? (AEI)

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone
Epinephrine
Insulin

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6
Q

Drugs that come from minerals? (SICI)

A

Sodium bicarbonate
Iodine
Calcium chloride
Iron

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7
Q

Drugs that come from microorganisms? (PS)

A

Penicillin
Streptomycin

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8
Q

Drugs that come from labs? (DLM)

A

Diazepam (Valium)
Lidocaine (Xylocaine)
Midazolam (Versed)

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9
Q

Definition of drugs?

A

Substances used to treat or prevent a disease or condition.

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10
Q

How are drugs taken? (MIT)

A

Mouth
Injected
Topically

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11
Q

Chemical name:

A

Exact description of drug’s chemical composition and molecular structure.

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12
Q

Generic (nonproprietary) name:

A

Often abbreviated form of chemical name and used more commonly. Cannot have y, h, j, k, or w. Official name approved by the FDA>

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13
Q

Trade (brand/proprietary) name:

A

Trademark name designated by drug company. Proper nouns with capitalized first letter.

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14
Q

Official name:

A

Typically the same as the generic name. Followed by USP or NF.

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15
Q

What is an orphan drug?

A

Drugs that treat rare, chronic diseases (hemophilia, leprosy, cancers, Tourette). Federal governments incentivizes development of these.

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16
Q

Pure Food and Drug Act?

A

Passed in 1906. Prohibited the use of false/misleading claims. Restricted sale of drugs with misuse potential.

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17
Q

Drug Enforcement Agency?

A
  1. Sole legal drug enforcement body in the United States.
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18
Q

Other regulatory bodies?

A

Food and Drug Administration

Public Health Service

Federal Trade Commission

Canadian Drug Control

International Drug Control

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19
Q

What is a Schedule I drug? (NASH)

A

No accepted medical use
Approved protocol required
Severe dependence
High misuse potential

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20
Q

What is a Schedule II drug? (PASHN)

A

Prescription necessary
Accepted medical uses
Severe dependence
High misuse potential
No refills

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21
Q

What is a Schedule III drug? (PALM5)

A

Prescription required
Accepted medical uses
Less misuse potential
Moderate dependence
5 refills in 6 months

22
Q

What is a Schedule IV drug? (PALL5)

A

Prescription required
Accepted medical uses
Lower misuse potential
Limited dependence
5 refills in 6 months

23
Q

What is a Schedule V drug? (NALL)

A

No prescription required
Accepted medical uses
Low misuse potential
Limited dependence

24
Q

Enteral absorption rates? (GSOR)

A

Gastric - Slow
Oral - Rapid

25
Q

Parenteral absorption rates?

A

Subcutaneous - Slow
Intramuscular - Moderate
Intravenous - Immediate
Endotracheal - Rapid
Intraosseous - Immediate
Pulmonary - Rapid
Topical - Moderate
Intranasal - Rapid

26
Q

Drug effects? (DUS)

A

Desirable/therapeutic
Undesirable/adverse
Side effects

27
Q

What is an agonist?

A

Combines with receptors, initiates expected response.

28
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

Binds with receptors, inhibits/counteracts effects.

29
Q

What are the three phases of drug activity?

A

Pharmaceutical
Pharmacokinetic
Pharmacodynamic

30
Q

Pharmaceutical phase:

A

How the drug dispenses, diffuses across the cell membrane, and affects the other phases.

31
Q

Pharmacokinetic phase:

A

How the body absorbs, distributes, biotransforms, and excretes a drug.

32
Q

Pharmacodynamic phase:

A

How the drug acts on a living organism relative to the concentration at an active site.

33
Q

Blood-brain barrier:

A

Single layer of endothileal cells that permits only lipid-soluble drugs through.

34
Q

Placental barrier:

A

Membrane layers that allow certain, non-lipid-soluble drugs through.

35
Q

Enteral emergency drugs: (AAD)

A

Activated charcoal
Aspirin
Diazepam rectal gel

36
Q

Parenteral emergency drugs: (FADED MNMS)

A

Fentanyl
Atropine
Dextrose
Epinephrine
Diazepam

Midazolam
Naloxone
Morphine
Sodium bicarbonate

37
Q

Pulmonary emergency drugs: (RAIL ONA)

A

Racemic epinephrine
Albuterol
Ipratropium
Levalbuterol

Oxygen
Nitrous oxide/oxygen
Amyl nitrite

38
Q

Topical emergency drugs: (LN)

A

Lidocaine
Nitropaste

39
Q

Emergency nasal drugs:

A

Fentanyl
Glucagon
Haloperidol
Hydromorphone
Ketamine
Ketorolac
Lorazepam
Midazolam
Naloxone

40
Q

Nervous system emergency drugs: (ADD FLEEK HMNR

A

Atropine
Diazepam
Dopamine

Fentanyl
Lorazepam
Epinephrine
Etomidate
Ketamine

Hydromorphone
Magnesium sulfate
Naloxone
Rocuronium

Midazolam
Norepinephrine
Morphine
Succinylcholine

41
Q

What are the classifications of drugs that affect the autonomic nervous system?

A

Cholinergic (parasympathomimetic)
Cholinergic blocking (parasympatholytic)
Adrenergic (sympathomimetic)
Adrenergic blocking (sympatholytic)

42
Q

How do cholinergic drugs work?

A

Nicotinic effect: stimulation of the ganglia, adrenal medulla, and skeletal muscle.

Muscarinic effect: stimulation of the postganglion in cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands.

43
Q

How do anticholinergic drugs work?

A

Blocking of the muscarinic effects, decrease of acetylcholine action on the effector.

44
Q

How do adrenergic drugs work?

A

Stimulation of alpha and beta receptors.

Alpha: vasoconstriction in skin, pupil dilation, gut relaxation.

Beta: cardiac acceleration and increased contractility, vasoconstriction in skeletal muscles, bronchial relaxation, uterine relaxation.

45
Q

How do alpha blockers work?

A

Blockage of vasoconstriction effects, useful for hypertension. Prevention of necrosis when norepinephrine or dopamine have leaked into tissues.

46
Q

How do beta blockers work?

A

Selective: block either 1 (cardioselective) or 2 receptor. Cardioselective are antihypertensive and antidysrhythmic.

Nonselective: inhibit receptors in bronchioles and blood vessels.

47
Q

Analgesic classifications:

A

Local anesthetics and NSAIDs interfere with pain in the PNS.

Opioids, ketamine, and acetaminophen interfere with pain in the CNS.

48
Q

Classifications of antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic agents:

A

Anxiety - benzodiazepines

Hypnotics - barbiturates

49
Q

How do benzodiazepines work?

A

They have a wide therapeutic index. They bind to receptors in the cerebral cortex and limbic system. Highly lipid soluble. More than 80% bind to plasma proteins.

50
Q

Common benzodiazepines?

A

Alprazolam (Xanax)
Clonazepam (Klonopin)
Diazepam (Valium)
Flurazepam (Dalmane)
Midazolam (Versed)
Lorazepam (Ativan)
Temazepam (Restoril)

51
Q
A

EMT 205 (2 decks)

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