Lecture One. Flashcards
Second most electronegative element
OXYGEN
Diatomic Molecules
hydrogen , oxygen, nitrogen and HALOGENS
Atomic Radius
Increase Down and to the Left
distance from the center of the nucleus to the outermost electron
Ionization Energy
Increase Up and to the Right
The energy needed to detach and electron from an atom
Electronegativity
Increase UP and to the RIGHT
Tendency of an atom to attract electrons shared in a covalent bond
Electron Affinity
Increase UP and Right
willingness of an atom to accept an additional electron
Isoelectronic Ions
same number of electrons but different elemental identities
O2- , F- , Ne , Na+ , Mg2+
ranked from largest to smallest in size.
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
uncertainty in the position of a particle and its momentum. the more we know about one the less we know about the other, Vice Versa.
Chromium (Cr) E-Configuration
[Ar] 4s1 3d5
Copper (Cu) E-Configuration
[Ar] 4s1 3d10
Paramagnetic Elements
have unpaired electrons
amount of energy in a photon
(Delta)E = (6.6x10-34)(frequency)
Work Function
The minimum amount of energy required to free a electron on metal
Electrons Kinetic Energy
K.E= hf(energy in)- Work function ( energy out)
Bond Length
the distance between the nuclei of two atoms in a bond when they are at their lowest energy levels.
which atoms hydrogen bond with with hydrogen?
Oxygen, Nitrogen and Flourine
what are the weakest intermolecular forces ?
London Dispersion Forces
SI Units: Mass, Length, Time , Temperature , Amount of substance.
Kilograms, Meters, Seconds, Kelvin, Moles
Mega-
10^6
Kilo-
10^3
Deci-
10^-1
Centi-
10^-2
Milli-
10^-3
Micro-
10^-6
Nano-
10^-9
Pico-
10^-12
Femto
10^-15
Avagadro’s number
6.022 x 10^23 = 1 gram
elementary reaction
a reaction that occurs in a single step
reaction orders
show how changes in the reactant concentrations influence the reaction rate
The order of the overall reaction is..
the sum of the exponents in the rate law.
Radioactive Decay
atoms that spontaneously break apart
Half-Life and its 4 variables
length of time necessary for one half of a given amount of substance to decay.
Variables: Initial amount of substance, the final amount of substance, the length of half-lives, the number of half lives
alpha-decay
move left on the periodic table 2 spaces and subtract 4 from the mass #
beta-decay
move right one time on the periodic table.
