Lecture one Flashcards
what did Oscar Minkowski discover?
Relationship between diabetes and pancreas
what did Oscar Minkowski do?
Pancreatectomy on dogs
- then showed symptoms of diabetes
- then implanted pieces back under dogs’ skin
= went back to normal
Can endocrine glands be anywhere?
Yes, just need a blood vessel
Who identified anti-diabetic substance in pancreas extracts
Banting and Best
When did the first clinical trials on insulin start?
1922
Definition of hormone:
A chemical secreted by a cell or a group of cells into the blood for transport to a distant target, where it exerts its effect at very low concentrations
In what concentrations are hormones secreted
Nanomolar (10^-9) to Picomolar (10^-12)
Different types of secretion (3)
Paracrine
autocrine
endocrine
Paracrine secretion
- cell secretes product which binds to neighbouring/ nearby cell
Autocrine secretion
cell secretes product which binds to receptors on same cell
endocrine secretion
When hormone is released in circulatory system which then moves via blood vessels to target organ/target cells
endocrine secretion can occur in 2 ways:
- in the blood
- neuro-endocrine
- hormone moves through axon of neuron
Two hormone categories based on solubility:
Hydrophilic
lipophilic
(they consist of amino acids)
Hydrophilic hormones:
- peptide hormones
- catecholamines
- Indole-amines
Lipophilic hormones:
- steroid hormones
- thyroid hormone
