Lecture 3

Question 1

Pituitary gland ( AKA hypophysis)

Answer 1

• Small gland located in bony cavity just below hypothalamus
• Thin stalk connects pituitary gland to hypothalamus

Question 2

The pituitary gland consists of two anatomically and functionally distinct lobes

Answer 2

• Posterior pituitary
• Anterior pituitary

Question 3

Posterior pituitary

Answer 3

• neurohypophysis
• composed of nervous tissue

Question 4

Anterior pituitary

Answer 4

• adenohypophysis
• consists of glandular epithelial tissue

Question 5

Release of hormones from both anterior and posterior pituitary is controlled by

Answer 5

hypothalamus

Question 6

Posterior pituitary

Answer 6

• Along with hypothalamus forms neuroendocrine system
• Does not actually produce any hormones
• Stores and releases two small peptide hormones

Question 7

Post. pituitary peptide hormones:

Answer 7

1. Vasopressin (ADH)
   - conserves water during urine formation
2. Oxytocin:
   Stimulates uterine contraction during childbirth and milk ejection during breast-feeding

Question 8

ADH and oxytocin stored in:

Answer 8

Herring bodies of the posterior pituitary gland

Question 9

Question 10

Exercise in the heat

Answer 10

Maintain plasma volume become critical homeostatic concern
Losing large amount of fluid through sweating
Blood to skin for cooling & to muscle to nourish working muscle
To maintain cardiac output, venous return must be adequate.
How?
- 1st ADH secreted due to osmoreceptor stimulus
- osmolarity increases
- ECF decreases
- arterial BP decreases

Question 11

Question 12

Anterior pituitary
Secretes six different peptide hormones that it produces itself

Answer 12

Trophic hormones:
- TSH
- Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
- FSH
- LH
- GH

Not a trophic hormone:
- prolactin (PRL)

Question 13

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer 13

Stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone

Question 14

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer 14

Stimulates secretion of cortisol by adrenal cortex

Question 15

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 15

In females, stimulates growth and development of ovarian follicles; promotes secretion of estrogen by ovaries
In males, required for sperm production

Question 16

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer 16

In females, responsible for ovulation and luteinization; regulates ovarian secretion of female sex hormones
In males, stimulates testosterone secretion

Question 17

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer 17

Primary hormone responsible for regulating overall body growth; important in intermediary metabolism

Question 18

Prolactin (PRL)

Answer 18

Enhances breast development and milk production in females
- only non-trophic hormone secreted from ant. pituitary gland

Question 19

Ant. pituitary gland made up of two cell types

Answer 19

Acidophils
Basophils

Question 20

Acidophils:

Answer 20

Somatotropes - GH
Mammotropes - prolactin

Question 21

Basophils:

Answer 21

Tirotropes - TSH
Gonadotroped - FSH, LH
Corticotropes - ACTH

Question 22

Question 23

Question 24

Hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones help regulate

Answer 24

anterior pituitary hormone secretion

Question 25

Two most important factors that regulate anterior pituitary hormone secretion

Answer 25

Hypothalamic hormones
Feedback by target-gland hormones

Question 26

Vascular Link Between the Hypothalamus and Anterior Pituitary

Answer 26

Question 27

Would you expect the [ ] of hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones in a systemic venous blood sample to be higher, lower, or the same as the [ ] of these hormones in a sample of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system?

Answer 27

Highest [ ] in portal system because secreted in a ‘closed’ system