Lecture One

Question 1

Describe the modern Canadian Food Suply

Answer 1

• Convenience plays a huge role in attaining food
• often the more ‘convenient’ the higher the calories and cost

Question 2

Describe the changes canadians can make to their diets to improve their health

Answer 2

• Make food at home
• eat less processed food

Question 3

Describe changes of the Canadian Food Guide from 2007-2019

Answer 3

No rainbow/four food categories

Focus on proportions not servings

Alcohol is cautioned

Encourages you to eat with others

Question 4

List six classes of nutrients

Question 5

What are the three general nutrients?

Answer 5

-Macronutrients
-Water
-Micronutrients

Question 6

Describe the different types of malnutrition.

Answer 6

Malnutrition–> eating too little or too much of one or more nutrients

Undernutrition–> caused by eating insufficient amounts of energy-providing foods or nutrients

Overnutrition–> eating an excess of energy providing foods

Question 7

Describe how diet-gene interactions affects our health

Answer 7

genes inherited may influence the likelihood of developing conditions such as obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure or diabetes

Question 8

Describe the function of Macronutrients

Answer 8

• Energy yielding nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats
• Measured in Kilacalories or

Question 9

Describe the function of micronutrients

Answer 9

• Provide no energy for the body but necessary to proper functioning

Question 10

What does it mean if something is a macronutrient?

Answer 10

A nutrient that is required in large amounts

Question 11

What are macronutrients?

Answer 11

Carbohydrates-Consist of sugars and starches and fibre

Lipids- Consist of fats or oils

Proteins- Growth, maintenance and repair of the body

Water

Question 12

What kind of carbohydrates do not contribute to energy?

Answer 12

Fibres

Question 13

What are micronutrients?

Answer 13

Provide no energy (no calories) including vitamins and minerals. Often found in fresh foods, however processed foods may also as well

Question 14

Define Metabolism

Answer 14

All reactions in the body

Question 15

Define homeostasis

Answer 15

the proper regulation of metabolism

Question 16

How do vitamins, proteins and minerals influence homeostasis?

Answer 16

They speed up, or Slow down metabolic responses

Question 17

What is an example of a carbohydrate that acts as energy?

Answer 17

glucose

Question 18

What is an example of a lipid acting like an energy and why?

Answer 18

Fat- the most plentiful source of stored fuel

Question 19

What is an example of a protein acting as energy?

Answer 19

when protein is consumed in excess it will be used as energy

Question 20

What is the structure of lipid?

Answer 20

principal component of the membranes that surround the cell

Question 21

What is the structure of protein?

Answer 21

A connective tissue holding bones together and muscles to bones. Defines the shape in muscles

Question 22

What is the structure of minerals?

Answer 22

Calcium and phosphorus minerals that harden teeth and bones

Question 23

How are lipids used to regulate body functions?

Answer 23

Estrogen hormones regulates the female reproductive cycle

Question 24

How are proteins used to regulate body function?

Answer 24

Leptin is a protein that helps regulate the size of body fat stores

Question 25

How do Carbohydrates help regulate the body

Answer 25

sugar chains attached to proteins circulating in the blood will signal whether the protein should remain in the blood or be removed by the liver

Question 26

How does water regulate body function

Answer 26

Water in sweat helps to cool the body to a regular temp

Question 27

How do vitamins help to regulate bodily function?

Answer 27

B vitamins regulate the use of macronutrients for energy

Question 28

What are other factors than nutrition that affect food choices

Answer 28

Food availability
- geography
-transportation/mobility
- available income
- food storage and prep equipment
-Health status

Cultural and personal background

Question 29

Describe how to choose a healthy diet

Answer 29

Nutrient density
-choosing a variety of foods that are less processed and filled with vitamins, minerals, carbs, proteins etc

Balanced Diet
- not too much of anything=everything in moderation

Question 30

List the steps of the scientific method

Answer 30

1. Observation
2. Hypothesis
3. Theory

Question 31

Describe the features of a good experiment

Answer 31

Quantifiable data, appropriate experimental population, appropriate sample size, suitable study duration

Question 32

What are the different types of nutrition studies?

Question 33

Discuss how science monitors the ethics of human and animal studies

Question 34

Describe the components of a research paper

Question 35

Define a Treatment group

Answer 35

A group of participants in an experiment who are receiving an experimental treatment

Question 36

Define a control group

Answer 36

a group of participants identical to the experimental group that does not receive the experimental treatment

Question 37

Define Placebo

Answer 37

identical in appearance to the actual treatment but are of no therapeutic value

Question 38

Define epidemiology

Answer 38

the study of diet, health, and disease patterns and correlation

Question 39

Define correlation

Answer 39

Association studies, can be direct (+) or inverse, (-)

Correlation does not provide causation

Question 40

define a prospective cohort study

Answer 40

dietary intake of a healthy population is recorded and their health is followed for years

Question 41

Define Randomization

Answer 41

participants are randomly assigned as treatment or control by chance.

Question 42

Define single-blind study

Answer 42

Subjects are unaware of the treatment they are recieving

Question 43

Define double blind study

Answer 43

the subjects and investigators don’t know which treatment was received