Lecture One Flashcards
Describe the modern Canadian Food Suply
- Convenience plays a huge role in attaining food
- often the more ‘convenient’ the higher the calories and cost
Describe the changes canadians can make to their diets to improve their health
- Make food at home
- eat less processed food
Describe changes of the Canadian Food Guide from 2007-2019
No rainbow/four food categories
Focus on proportions not servings
Alcohol is cautioned
Encourages you to eat with others
List six classes of nutrients
What are the three general nutrients?
-Macronutrients
-Water
-Micronutrients
Describe the different types of malnutrition.
Malnutrition–> eating too little or too much of one or more nutrients
Undernutrition–> caused by eating insufficient amounts of energy-providing foods or nutrients
Overnutrition–> eating an excess of energy providing foods
Describe how diet-gene interactions affects our health
genes inherited may influence the likelihood of developing conditions such as obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure or diabetes
Describe the function of Macronutrients
- Energy yielding nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats
- Measured in Kilacalories or
Describe the function of micronutrients
- Provide no energy for the body but necessary to proper functioning
What does it mean if something is a macronutrient?
A nutrient that is required in large amounts
What are macronutrients?
Carbohydrates-Consist of sugars and starches and fibre
Lipids- Consist of fats or oils
Proteins- Growth, maintenance and repair of the body
Water
What kind of carbohydrates do not contribute to energy?
Fibres
What are micronutrients?
Provide no energy (no calories) including vitamins and minerals. Often found in fresh foods, however processed foods may also as well
Define Metabolism
All reactions in the body
Define homeostasis
the proper regulation of metabolism
How do vitamins, proteins and minerals influence homeostasis?
They speed up, or Slow down metabolic responses
What is an example of a carbohydrate that acts as energy?
glucose
What is an example of a lipid acting like an energy and why?
Fat- the most plentiful source of stored fuel
What is an example of a protein acting as energy?
when protein is consumed in excess it will be used as energy
What is the structure of lipid?
principal component of the membranes that surround the cell
What is the structure of protein?
A connective tissue holding bones together and muscles to bones. Defines the shape in muscles
What is the structure of minerals?
Calcium and phosphorus minerals that harden teeth and bones
How are lipids used to regulate body functions?
Estrogen hormones regulates the female reproductive cycle
How are proteins used to regulate body function?
Leptin is a protein that helps regulate the size of body fat stores
How do Carbohydrates help regulate the body
sugar chains attached to proteins circulating in the blood will signal whether the protein should remain in the blood or be removed by the liver
How does water regulate body function
Water in sweat helps to cool the body to a regular temp
How do vitamins help to regulate bodily function?
B vitamins regulate the use of macronutrients for energy
What are other factors than nutrition that affect food choices
Food availability
- geography
-transportation/mobility
- available income
- food storage and prep equipment
-Health status
Cultural and personal background
Describe how to choose a healthy diet
Nutrient density
-choosing a variety of foods that are less processed and filled with vitamins, minerals, carbs, proteins etc
Balanced Diet
- not too much of anything=everything in moderation
List the steps of the scientific method
- Observation
- Hypothesis
- Theory
Describe the features of a good experiment
Quantifiable data, appropriate experimental population, appropriate sample size, suitable study duration
What are the different types of nutrition studies?
Discuss how science monitors the ethics of human and animal studies
Describe the components of a research paper
Define a Treatment group
A group of participants in an experiment who are receiving an experimental treatment
Define a control group
a group of participants identical to the experimental group that does not receive the experimental treatment
Define Placebo
identical in appearance to the actual treatment but are of no therapeutic value
Define epidemiology
the study of diet, health, and disease patterns and correlation
Define correlation
Association studies, can be direct (+) or inverse, (-)
Correlation does not provide causation
define a prospective cohort study
dietary intake of a healthy population is recorded and their health is followed for years
Define Randomization
participants are randomly assigned as treatment or control by chance.
Define single-blind study
Subjects are unaware of the treatment they are recieving
Define double blind study
the subjects and investigators don’t know which treatment was received
