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Blood- Module 17 > Lecture Notes- mod 17 > Flashcards

Lecture Notes- mod 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Blood is considered this type of tissue because it consists of fluid surrounded by a extra cellular matrix.

A

Connective

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2
Q

This is one of the three formed elements of the body and is known as red blood cells.

A

Erythrocytes

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3
Q

This is one of the three formed elements of the body and is known as white blood cells

A

Leukocytes

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4
Q

This is one of the three formed elements of the body and Is known as thrombocytes.

A

Platelets

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5
Q

What is the thing white layer called that is made of white blood cells and platelets?

A

Buffy Coat

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6
Q

What is the term for the percentage of the blood volume that consists of erythrocytes?

A

Hematocrit

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7
Q

What is a normal hematocrit value?

A

45%

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8
Q

Blood makes up approx. ___% of our body weight or 5-6 L for men and 4-5L for women

A

8

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9
Q

When blood is dark red, it has a __ saturation of O2

A

low

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10
Q

The thickness or viscosity of blood is determined by the number of _______.

A

Hematocrit

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11
Q

What are three of the distribution functions of the blood?

A

Delivering oxygen
transporting waste
Transporting hormones

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12
Q

What are three regulation functions of the blood?

A

Regulate body temp
Normal pH
Fluid volumes

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13
Q

What are the two protection functions of the blood?

A

Preventing blood loss

Preventing infection

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14
Q

______ consists of 90% water which acts as a solvent for other substances

A

Plasma

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15
Q

______ makes of the majority of Plasma which can be subdivided into three different groups.

A

Protein

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16
Q

This protein makes up 60% of all plasma protein and its major function is maintaining the colloid osmotic pressure

A

Albumin

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17
Q

This protein makes up 36% of the plasma proteins and are functional proteins suchs as enzymes of antibodies

A

Globulins

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18
Q

This plasma protein makes up about 4% and is an important part in blood clotting

A

Fibrinogen

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19
Q

What are four different solutes that you can find in Plasma?

A

Nutrients
Hormones
Electrolytes
Respiratory Gas

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20
Q

Of all of the blood cells, or formed elements, only _____ are true cells

A

White Blood cells

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21
Q

This blood cell has no nucleus

A

Red blood cell

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22
Q

This formed element is only made of cell fragments

A

Platelets

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23
Q

The most numerous of blood cells, RBC’s, have a bioconcave shape that increases their ______ _____.

A

Surface Area

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24
Q

Where does the red color of erythrocytes come from?

A

Hemoglobin

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25
What percentage of RBC's is made of hemoglobin ?
97%
26
Why is hemoglobin being in RBC so convenient to the respiratory process?
Hemoglobin is the molecule that binds to and transports respiratory gases
27
Why is the RBC having a lack of a nucleus and lack of generation of ATP a positive factor?
Wont use the Oxygen it transports
28
What is the main function of the RBC's?
To transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissue
29
What are the four chains that make up hemoglobin?
2 Alpha | 2 Beta
30
What is the "globin" part of hemoglobin?
Protein
31
What is the "hemo" part of hemoglobin?
Iron
32
Loading of Hb with oxygen is called what?
Oxygen Loading
33
Where does oxygen loading occur?
In the lungs
34
Oxygen loading is a physical process that results in ________ or oxygen loaded hemoglobin
Oxyhemoglobin
35
The unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin is called __________ and the cell resumes its former shape
Deoxyhemoglobin
36
Other gases bind to Hb too such as CO2 which forms ________-
Carbminoglobin
37
The formation of red blood cells is known as _____ or ______
Hemtapoiesis | Hemopoeisis
38
The formation of red blood cells occurs where?
In the bone marrow
39
All of the formed elements are derived from a from a common stem cell called
Hemocytoblasts
40
Different stem cells are produced under the influence of ____ and ____ factors depending on the needs of the body
Hormones | growth
41
What is the last stage before a red blood cell of erythropoiesis that the cell can still readily transport oxygen
Reticulocyte
42
Having tpp few erythrocytes in the blood can cause ____ of the tissue
Hypoxia
43
Kidneys and the Liver has sensors that know If the tissue is becoming hypoxic, when they sense a lack of O2 they release _______ which is a hormone that has a direct influence on red bone marrow
Erthropoetin
44
What is another hormone that has an influence on red blood cell production in males, which also explains why they have a higher RBC count
Testosterone
45
What are the required raw material for RBC production?
``` Amino Acids Lipids Carbohydrates B 12 Folic acid Iron ```
46
How long do RBC's live? and what happens when they die?
100-120 days | Marcophages in the spleen and liver destroy them
47
This is when blood has an abnormally low Hb content and also a low O2 carrying capacity
Anemia
48
This type of anemia is due to acute or chronic loss of blood
Hemorrhagic Anemia
49
This type of anemia is due to impaired iron absorption
Iron Deficiency
50
This type of anemia is caused by an absent or faulty globin chain
Thalassemias
51
This type of anemia is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B12
Pernicious Anemia
52
This type of anemia is caused by destruction of red bone marrow
Aplastic Anemia
53
This type of anemia lacks an intrinsic factor
Pernicious Anemia
54
This is a type of anemia when RBCs are destroyed faster than they can be produced
Aplastic Anemia
55
This is a type of anemia when RBCs are thin, delicate, and deficient in hemoglobin
Thalassemias
56
This is a type of anemia when there is a lack of iron in the nutrition
Iron Deficiency Anemia
57
______ or white blood cells are far less numerous with making up __ of total blood volume
Leukocytes | 1%
58
If the number of WBCs increases above a certain amount like if there is an infection, it is called
Leukocytosis
59
WBC's are able to actively move in response to chemical signals, moving towards them is called ______ moving away from them is called _____
Positive Chemotoxis | Negative Chemotoxis
60
What is the process of WBCs slipping into and out of capillaries
Diapedeis
61
WBCs can be divided into the presence of the absence of _____
Granules
62
The presence of granules is called _______ and the lack of granules are called ______
Granulocytes | Agranulocytes
63
This granulocyte is the most numerous and their nucleus can have different shapes. They are phanocytic, mostly to bacteria
Neutrophils
64
Why are Neutrophils also reffered to as Polymorphonuclear because they have __ to ___ lobes
Three to Six
65
This granulocyte is deep red in color and is filled with strong enzymes, they are known to attack parasitic worms that are too large to be phagocytized
Eosinophils
66
These are the rarest WBC's and granulocytes and contain histamine
Basophils
67
What does Histamine do?
inflames an area that causes more WBC to show up
68
Agranulocytes don't have granules, what are the two kinds?
Lymphocytes | Monocytes
69
these agranulocytes are found outside the circulation and are called macrophages because of their size and ability to phangocytize certain tissue or debris
Monocytes
70
These are the second most numerous leukocyte, they contain T cells and b cells that are crucial for immunity
Lymphocytes

Blood- Module 17 (2 decks)

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