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Blood- Module 17 > Lecture Notes- mod 17 > Flashcards

Lecture Notes- mod 17 Flashcards

1
Q

Blood is considered this type of tissue because it consists of fluid surrounded by a extra cellular matrix.

A

Connective

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2
Q

This is one of the three formed elements of the body and is known as red blood cells.

A

Erythrocytes

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3
Q

This is one of the three formed elements of the body and is known as white blood cells

A

Leukocytes

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4
Q

This is one of the three formed elements of the body and Is known as thrombocytes.

A

Platelets

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5
Q

What is the thing white layer called that is made of white blood cells and platelets?

A

Buffy Coat

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6
Q

What is the term for the percentage of the blood volume that consists of erythrocytes?

A

Hematocrit

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7
Q

What is a normal hematocrit value?

A

45%

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8
Q

Blood makes up approx. ___% of our body weight or 5-6 L for men and 4-5L for women

A

8

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9
Q

When blood is dark red, it has a __ saturation of O2

A

low

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10
Q

The thickness or viscosity of blood is determined by the number of _______.

A

Hematocrit

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11
Q

What are three of the distribution functions of the blood?

A

Delivering oxygen
transporting waste
Transporting hormones

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12
Q

What are three regulation functions of the blood?

A

Regulate body temp
Normal pH
Fluid volumes

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13
Q

What are the two protection functions of the blood?

A

Preventing blood loss

Preventing infection

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14
Q

______ consists of 90% water which acts as a solvent for other substances

A

Plasma

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15
Q

______ makes of the majority of Plasma which can be subdivided into three different groups.

A

Protein

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16
Q

This protein makes up 60% of all plasma protein and its major function is maintaining the colloid osmotic pressure

A

Albumin

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17
Q

This protein makes up 36% of the plasma proteins and are functional proteins suchs as enzymes of antibodies

A

Globulins

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18
Q

This plasma protein makes up about 4% and is an important part in blood clotting

A

Fibrinogen

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19
Q

What are four different solutes that you can find in Plasma?

A

Nutrients
Hormones
Electrolytes
Respiratory Gas

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20
Q

Of all of the blood cells, or formed elements, only _____ are true cells

A

White Blood cells

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21
Q

This blood cell has no nucleus

A

Red blood cell

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22
Q

This formed element is only made of cell fragments

A

Platelets

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23
Q

The most numerous of blood cells, RBC’s, have a bioconcave shape that increases their ______ _____.

A

Surface Area

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24
Q

Where does the red color of erythrocytes come from?

A

Hemoglobin

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25
Q

What percentage of RBC’s is made of hemoglobin ?

A

97%

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26
Q

Why is hemoglobin being in RBC so convenient to the respiratory process?

A

Hemoglobin is the molecule that binds to and transports respiratory gases

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27
Q

Why is the RBC having a lack of a nucleus and lack of generation of ATP a positive factor?

A

Wont use the Oxygen it transports

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28
Q

What is the main function of the RBC’s?

A

To transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissue

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29
Q

What are the four chains that make up hemoglobin?

A

2 Alpha

2 Beta

30
Q

What is the “globin” part of hemoglobin?

A

Protein

31
Q

What is the “hemo” part of hemoglobin?

A

Iron

32
Q

Loading of Hb with oxygen is called what?

A

Oxygen Loading

33
Q

Where does oxygen loading occur?

A

In the lungs

34
Q

Oxygen loading is a physical process that results in ________ or oxygen loaded hemoglobin

A

Oxyhemoglobin

35
Q

The unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin is called __________ and the cell resumes its former shape

A

Deoxyhemoglobin

36
Q

Other gases bind to Hb too such as CO2 which forms ________-

A

Carbminoglobin

37
Q

The formation of red blood cells is known as _____ or ______

A

Hemtapoiesis

Hemopoeisis

38
Q

The formation of red blood cells occurs where?

A

In the bone marrow

39
Q

All of the formed elements are derived from a from a common stem cell called

A

Hemocytoblasts

40
Q

Different stem cells are produced under the influence of ____ and ____ factors depending on the needs of the body

A

Hormones

growth

41
Q

What is the last stage before a red blood cell of erythropoiesis that the cell can still readily transport oxygen

A

Reticulocyte

42
Q

Having tpp few erythrocytes in the blood can cause ____ of the tissue

A

Hypoxia

43
Q

Kidneys and the Liver has sensors that know If the tissue is becoming hypoxic, when they sense a lack of O2 they release _______ which is a hormone that has a direct influence on red bone marrow

A

Erthropoetin

44
Q

What is another hormone that has an influence on red blood cell production in males, which also explains why they have a higher RBC count

A

Testosterone

45
Q

What are the required raw material for RBC production?

A 
Amino Acids
Lipids
Carbohydrates
B 12
Folic acid
Iron
46
Q

How long do RBC’s live? and what happens when they die?

A

100-120 days

Marcophages in the spleen and liver destroy them

47
Q

This is when blood has an abnormally low Hb content and also a low O2 carrying capacity

A

Anemia

48
Q

This type of anemia is due to acute or chronic loss of blood

A

Hemorrhagic Anemia

49
Q

This type of anemia is due to impaired iron absorption

A

Iron Deficiency

50
Q

This type of anemia is caused by an absent or faulty globin chain

A

Thalassemias

51
Q

This type of anemia is caused by a deficiency of Vitamin B12

A

Pernicious Anemia

52
Q

This type of anemia is caused by destruction of red bone marrow

A

Aplastic Anemia

53
Q

This type of anemia lacks an intrinsic factor

A

Pernicious Anemia

54
Q

This is a type of anemia when RBCs are destroyed faster than they can be produced

A

Aplastic Anemia

55
Q

This is a type of anemia when RBCs are thin, delicate, and deficient in hemoglobin

A

Thalassemias

56
Q

This is a type of anemia when there is a lack of iron in the nutrition

A

Iron Deficiency Anemia

57
Q

______ or white blood cells are far less numerous with making up __ of total blood volume

A

Leukocytes

1%

58
Q

If the number of WBCs increases above a certain amount like if there is an infection, it is called

A

Leukocytosis

59
Q

WBC’s are able to actively move in response to chemical signals, moving towards them is called ______ moving away from them is called _____

A

Positive Chemotoxis

Negative Chemotoxis

60
Q

What is the process of WBCs slipping into and out of capillaries

A

Diapedeis

61
Q

WBCs can be divided into the presence of the absence of _____

A

Granules

62
Q

The presence of granules is called _______ and the lack of granules are called ______

A

Granulocytes

Agranulocytes

63
Q

This granulocyte is the most numerous and their nucleus can have different shapes. They are phanocytic, mostly to bacteria

A

Neutrophils

64
Q

Why are Neutrophils also reffered to as Polymorphonuclear because they have __ to ___ lobes

A

Three to Six

65
Q

This granulocyte is deep red in color and is filled with strong enzymes, they are known to attack parasitic worms that are too large to be phagocytized

A

Eosinophils

66
Q

These are the rarest WBC’s and granulocytes and contain histamine

A

Basophils

67
Q

What does Histamine do?

A

inflames an area that causes more WBC to show up

68
Q

Agranulocytes don’t have granules, what are the two kinds?

A

Lymphocytes

Monocytes

69
Q

these agranulocytes are found outside the circulation and are called macrophages because of their size and ability to phangocytize certain tissue or debris

A

Monocytes

70
Q

These are the second most numerous leukocyte, they contain T cells and b cells that are crucial for immunity

A

Lymphocytes

Blood- Module 17 (2 decks)

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