Lecture notes Flashcards
Which antipsychotic is ysed to treat psychosis?
What dose?
Onlanzapine
10mg OD
Indications for clozapine use?
Treatment reistant schizophrenia
Which law is used for the transfer of an unsentenced prisoner to hospital and for their detention there?
Section 48
Name a enzodiazepine antagonist and use to reverse benzodiazepine overdose
Flumezanil
Difference betwren opiate and opiod?
Opiates are extracted from Papaver Somniferum (opium poppy). Synthetic compounds are called opiods.
List 3 drugs used in opiate withdrawals and their MOA?
Buprenorphine is a partial u-opioid receptor agonist. It has abuse potential as the tablet can be prepared for injection.
Methadone is a long acting u-opioid receptor agonist. synthetic opiate. It is prescribed as a coloured liquid, and is not suitable for iv use.
Lofexidine is an alpha adrenergic agonist which helps with symptomatic relief.
What is the difference between section 2 and 3 of the mental health act?
Section 2 is used for the purpose ofassessment and treatment(lasting up to 28 days).
Section 3 is used fortreatment(lasting up to 6 months, with the possibility of renewal
define formal thought disorder
A disturbance of the organization and expression of thought.
Whereas delusions reflect abnormal thought content.
self care is poor in which conditions?
depression
schizophrenia
dementia
neologisms are seen in which conditions?
mania
schizophrenia
what is thought block?
patient is speaking and they stop suddenly
how to diagnose a formal thought disorder?
you find you lose trail of thought
doesnt make sense
what is circumstantial speech?
they are speaking and go on and talk about a huge amount of other stuff but then get back to the point in the end.
what is derailment?
what condition is it found?
change in topic, no logical connection
in schizophrenia
define word salad?
randomly saying words that dont connect together in any way
what is the difference between flight of ideas and derailment?
There is no link between ideas in derailment
whats one thing to know about flight of ideas?
patients dont get back to the point when they do this
you can get clang associations with these
if patient is moving around very fast in an interview, how would you describe that?
psychomotor agitation
diifference between affect and mood?
affect - objective
mood - subjective
what is the term for normal mood
euthymic
what is the range of affect?
restricted - reduced
blunted - severe restriction in emotional expression
flattened - absence/near absence
what is thee diffeerence between thought content and though form;
thought content;
overvalued ideas - eg body dysmorphia etc
obsessions + compulsions
-> associated with personality disorders
define an ego dystonic thought?
whih condition is it seen?
a thought you dont like/ agree with/ goes against your idea of self
seen in ocd
define undoing in relation with compulsions?
Attempts to nuetralise i.e. after a violent thought
characterise primary delusions?
autocthonous
Primary delusion implies that delusion is not occurring in response to another psychopathological form such as mood disorder.
A primary delusion is a delusion which arises “out of the blue” with no morbid antecedents.
give examples of scondary delusions
reference grandeure paranoid hypochondriasis love - othello jealousy Delusional infestation/ekboms syndrome - a persistent belief that they are infested with living or nonliving pathogens such as parasites, insects
define secondary delusion
These are delusions that are secondary to a morbid event, such as a change in mood, an hallucination, or another delusion.
what are hypnopompic and hypnogogic delusions?
hypnopompic - hallucination as youre waking up
gogic - go for going to sleep -> halluciantions as youre goign to sleep
what is a functional hallucination
an external stimulus provokes hallucination
what is a reflex hallucination
stimulus in one sensory field causing hallucination in another
what is negative autoscopy?
example: look in mirro and dont see yourself
what is a autoscopy hallucination
Autoscopic hallucinations are the experience of “seeing oneself” (thus indicating the existence of two selves) as if looking in a mirror.
what are command hallucinations ?
the voices are giving him instructions
what is 2nd person auditory hallucination ?
3rd person
which conditoins are they seen in?
2nd - voices are talking to him
3rd - talking about him
schizophrenia - get both but 3rd more common
psychotic depression - 2nd person voices
what are command hallucinations ?
the voices are giving him instructions
what aree the different typse of insomnia
initial - aka sleep onset insomnia eg anxiety
middle - aka sleep maintenance insomnia
treminal - early morning waking - eg depression
what presentation is very similar to depression and has to be investigated carefully in hx?
schizophrenia
- both have negative sx, poor self care
but obviously you can differentiate with positive symptoms; hallucinations, delusions,
first rank symptoms etc
abnormal affect is….?
objective
it is for us as interviewers to assess that
3 main characteristics of delirium?
inattention
disorientation/confusion
psychotic symptoms
who do the following terms mean and which condition are they associated with?
flocillation
carphology
tilmus
delirium
which condition should you avoid haloperidol and why?
parkinsons
Antipsychotic = epse = Parkinsonism gets worse
which condition should you avoid haloperidol and why?
parkinsons
Antipsychotic = epse = Parkinsonism gets worse
Primary complusions are seen in which conditions?
and secondary compulsions?
primary - OCD
secondary - depression, schizophrenia, organic, anorexia nervosa
Primary complusions are seen in which conditions?
and secondary compulsions?
primary - OCD
secondary - depression, schizophrenia, organic, anorexia nervosa
state verbatim the definition of delirium?
fixed, false belief
held in spite of evidence,
not in keeping with social / cultural background usually of great personal significance
psycodynamic psychotherapy is based on who’s theory?
FREUD
- > there is a conscious and unconscious mind
- > your problems based on your childhood experiences
trying to help patient to understand the unconscious influences on their actions - help them realise the underlying emotions etc behind their actions so they can examine themselves and see how they can change
therapeutic relationship is of particular importance here
difference between psychodynamic and psychoanalytic therapy?
dynamic - focusses on INTERPERSONAL conflict
therapeutic relationship important
analytic - internal conflict
therapeutic relationship professional, less relied on to make therapy work
what is another term for erotomania?
de clerambault syndrome
what is capgras syndrome?
an irrational belief that someone they know or recognize has been replaced by an imposter.
after head trauma
what is fregoli syndrome?
The Fregoli delusion is a rare disorder in which a person holds a delusional belief that different people are in fact a single person who changes appearance or is in disguise.
persecutory nature
