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Embalming test 3 > Lecture Notes > Flashcards

Lecture Notes Flashcards

1
Q

Four major factors the embalmer must consider in making a pre-embalming analysis

A

General condition of the body

Effects produced by disease processes

Effects produced by drugs or surgical procedures

Effects that occur during postmortem interval (from death to embalming)

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2
Q

Intrinsic factors include

A

Cause and manner of death

Bodily conditions (pathological conditions, microbial influence, moisture content, thermal influences - fever, nitrogenous waste products, gas in tissues or in cavities)

Presence or absence of discoloration a or stains

Post mitten chemical and physical change

Antemortem exposure to pharmaceutical agents (including illegal drugs)

Age

Gender

Weight

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3
Q

Extrinsic factors include

A

Environmental (atmospheric conditions, thermal influences, microbial influences, vermin and insects, humidity)

Postmortem interval

Embalmer’s education and attitude

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4
Q

The very foundation of professional embalming is

A

Case analysis

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5
Q

Cause of death is not as important as

A

Manner of death (circumstances surrounding the body at time of death)

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6
Q

The foundation for our profession is

A

Reverence for the dead

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7
Q

In the case of edema

A

You would use a strong solution (36 index, 1 or more bottles per gallon)

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8
Q

In a case of dehydration

A

You would use a weak solution (16 index, lanolin-based, 6 oz to a gallon)

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9
Q

Thermal influence (high fever produced by a febrile disease)

A

Will cause clotting issues and bad drainage

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10
Q

Green spot over the cecum

A

E.coli, anerobic bacteria

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11
Q

Yellow cast to the tissue

A

Due to dehydration

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12
Q

Golden yellow

A

Associated with hepatic failure causing jaundice. First seen in the sclera of the eye.

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13
Q

Order of blood in the body after death

A
  1. Hypostasis- settling
  2. Livor mortis- can be cleared with injection
  3. Hemolysis- breaking down
  4. Postmortem stain- cannot be cleared with injection, must be covered with opaque cosmetics
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14
Q

For chemotherapy patients you would use

A

The restricted cervical method. Strong index going down, mild index going up.

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15
Q

A high atmospheric humidity

A

May reduce dehydration but it will favor early decomposition because heat and moisture are favorable for rapid bacterial growth

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16
Q

A low atmospheric humidity

A

Will extract moisture from the body causing early dehydration (and may lead to mummification) but it will deter decomposition. It will, however, cause problems with cosmetics due to discolored skin tissue

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17
Q

The cold

A

Will deter early decomposition, but extreme cold will cause the tissue to burn, as in freezer burn where the tissue will be dark, discolored and crusty. (Fingertips, earlobes, innercanthus, eyes, lips)

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18
Q

The heat

A

Will hasten decomposition; but in extreme cases, heat will alter the grow of the bacteria (kill it)

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19
Q

Bacterial influence will depend on

A

The amount of aerobic bacteria in the air causing early decay

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20
Q

The only fixed factor in case analysis is

A

The concentrated fluid use

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21
Q

Two basic types of embalming

A

Arterial a.k.a. Vascular embalming

Cavity embalming

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22
Q

Two types of supplemental embalming

A

Hypodermic- more effective

Surface embalming

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23
Q

Is there a substitute for arterial embalming?

A

No

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24
Q

What is the center of arterial embalming?

A

The arch of the aorta

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25
Q

How many quarts of blood does the body have?

A

6

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26
Q

How many quarts can an embalmer inject without drainage loss or swelling and why?

A

Up to 20, the surplus fluid will fall into the remaining 2/3 of the capillary bed (very slow injection)

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27
Q

Hyperemia

A

In life is the congestion of blood within the superficial capillaries of the immediate area of infection or irritation (mosquito bite, infected pimple)

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28
Q

Blushing

A

In life is the congestion of blood in the superficial capillaries of the face and neck because of nervous or emotional tension

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29
Q

Mottling

A

In embalming is the congestion of arterial fluid solution in the superficial capillaries during the embalming process (cauliflower effect on tissue)

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30
Q

Flushing

A

Is the removal of blood drainage from the vascular system or even Livor mortis, but not post morgen stain

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31
Q

Venous drainage

A

Is he removal of at least 1/2 of the blood volume from the vascular system as a result of pressure and rate of flow induced by injection

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32
Q

The point of injection is not as significant as

A

The point of drainage

33
Q

Complications may require

A

More than one drainage point

34
Q

Formaldehyde has + soluable albumins =

A

Insoluable albuminoids

35
Q

Main truck artery is the aorta main trunk vein is the

A

Inferior and superior vena cava

36
Q

Never cut off

A

ID tags

37
Q

Rate of elevation prior to embalming

A

Head above chest, chest above stomach

38
Q

Face may be tilted to the right how many degrees?

A

No more than 15 degrees

39
Q

Always shave

A

Before embalming

40
Q

Massage cream

A

Retards dehydration

Acts as a barrier for purge when applied before embalming

Base for cosmetics

(Plastic wrap over massage cream hold in moisture)

41
Q

Shape of the mouth

A

Horseshoe

42
Q

Shape of the upper lip

A

Hunting bow or Cupid’s bow

43
Q

Excessive manipulation of the lips can cause

A

Swelling (they are very thin and fragile)

44
Q

When performing a mouth closure

A

Disinfect and cleanse oral and nasal cavities

Remove, cleanse and disinfect dentures

Relieve rigor mortis

Observe normal overbite

45
Q

Best mouth closure for securing dentures?

A

Mandibular

46
Q

Maryland requires ID tags to be

A

Attached to a long bone and waterproof

47
Q

ID tags must have on them

A 
Name
SS# 
DOB
DOD
Name of funeral home
48
Q

Outdated and unreliable methods of mouth closure

A

Chin rest method (nose-chin clamp, over embalmed head to keep mouth closed)

Dental tie (fastening ligature between teeth on the upper and lower jaw)

Hypodermically injecting the Masseter muscles with high index cavity fluid

Tack and thread method (predecessor of the needle injector)

Drywall adhesive, liquid nail (teeth glued together)

49
Q

Reliable methods of mouth closure

A

Muscular suture

Mandibular suture (best method for false teeth)

Needle injector

Wire through bones (used in cases of disease or trauma to the head)

50
Q

Embalming analysis a.k.a. Case analysis

A

The sum total of those considerations given the case at hand, beginning before the embalming procedure is begun and continuing through the operation. (Continues afterwards and can change during embalming)

51
Q

Frenulum

A

A fold of mucous membrane that connects the gums to the inner lining of the lip

52
Q

Philtrum

A

The groove on the upper lip under the nose

53
Q

When teeth are missing you’ll want to use

A

Non moisture absorbing cotton

54
Q

Why should you not mix glue and batting cotton?

A

Creates cyanide gas

55
Q

Mouth is the most prominent facial feature in

A

Death

56
Q

The eyes are the most prominent facial feature in

A

Life

57
Q

Features are always posed

A

Prior to injection

58
Q

Lip closure methods

A

Wet cotton strip method

Intradermal suture method

Cohesive method

Straight pin method

59
Q

Poze injector

A

Embalming equipment used to inject a substance into the mouth, giving the deceased a more life-like appearance by filling out the mouth

60
Q

Buck teeth a.k.a. Dental prognatheism treatment

A

Cutting frenulum will give you more stretch

61
Q

ABFSE = American board of funeral service education

A

Writes curriculum and accredits mors programs

62
Q

ICFSEB = international conference of funeral service examining board

A

Writes the national board exam

63
Q

Eye enucleation restoration should be done

A

Only after arterial embalming because of leakage of blood, bodily fluid and excess arterial fluid

64
Q

If entire eye is taken

A

Cauterize eye socket (phenol)

Insert prosthesis

Insert eye cap

Use adhesive

65
Q

Corneal sclerosis button excision

A

Aspirate center of eyeball

Do not rip and loose tissue on eyeball

Apply incision sealer powder into the now hollow eyeball, insert cotton ball, then eye caps, then glue

66
Q

Elbows should be kept

A

Close to the sides

67
Q

Hands are always left over right, how do you keep fingers down?

A

Wrap hands and fingers with a towel

68
Q

Chin and chest positioning

A

Him should not be too high or too low, chest should be even with the rim of the casket

69
Q

Perfection half couch casket

A

Body should be centered utilizing head panel acting as a picture frame

70
Q

What should never be done during casketing and why?

A

Pillow under the shoulders. Makes the shoulders more accentuated especially with the obese

71
Q

First embalming method

A

Gravity method

Glass bottle or perculator attached to a valentine tube

1ft=.434 pounds of pressure
1 pound of pressure for every 28 inches

Constant flow, low cost, no electricity

Limited pressure range, small unit of volume, inconvenient to fill

72
Q

Simplest form of injection

A

Bulb syringe

Usually used in combination with the gravitation method

Valves in the syringe prevent regergitation of fluids when bulb is squeezed

Convenient, inexpensive,nap me variation of pressure, no electricity

Rubber deteriorates, constant use of one hand, variable pressure with unknown maximum

73
Q

Manual injection, hand pump and jug method

A

Hand operated double action pump

Uses a gooseneck

Air is pumped into the jar which forces the arterial fluid into the body (displacement principle)

Process can be reversed for aspiration

Wide pressure range, both injection and aspiration,increased resistance to vascular system can be detected by operators thumb, no electricity

Inconvenient to refill,constant use of one hand, no pressure gauge or regulator, producing swelling of neck and face due to pressure

74
Q

Air pressure machine

A

Any mechanical apparatus in which a column of air is forced under pressure into a fluid chamber, displacing the fluid solution and moving it out into the arterial system

75
Q

Mechanical machine or Eckel’s embalming machine

A

Motorized air compressor

76
Q

Hydraulic machine or Moore embalming machine

A

Attaches to a water faucet

77
Q

Compressed air canister, CO2 canister, or metallic cylinder

A

CO2 canister and cylinder cannot aspirate like the other air pressure machines

78
Q

Motorized centrifugal forces pump machine

A

Modern day embalming machine, provides flexibility of pressure range and ease of control

Belt driven machine containing a 2-4 gallon tank with at least a rate of flow and a pressure control and needing no auxiliary equipment

Never leave tank dry, base plate gasket will oxidate

79
Q

Automatic rate of flow cut off

A

Some machines will shut off if a blockage is detected

Embalming test 3 (5 decks)

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