Lecture Notes Flashcards
Society
People who live in a specific geographic territory, interact with one another,and share many elements of the sand culture.
Culture
Social heritage of people. Learned patterns for thinking, feeling, and acting that are transmitted from one generating to the next.
Language
The conerstone of every culture
Social Imperative
Survival depends on developing social bonds that result in a common culture and the creation of societies.
Norms
Expectations and rules for proper conduct that guide the behavior of group members. A rule that is socially enforced.
Values
Shared ideas about what is socially desirable, correct or good that most members in a society share
Beliefs
Assertions about the nature of reality;statements held to be true
Sanctions
Penalties or rewards society used to encourage conformity and phish deviance.
Subcultures
A set of people with distinct sets of behavior and beliefs that differentiate them from the larger culture of which they are a part.
Counter cultures
Groups who values and norms run counter to those in the mainstream
Ethnocentrism
The tendency to evaluate the customs of other groups according to ones own cultural standards. O
Culture relativism
Evaluating a culture according to it’s own standards
Multiculturalism
Term used to describe many cultures and learning to get along with one another with mutual respect.
Ideal culture
What people should do according to the norms,values, beliefs of that culture
Real culture
What people actually do in everyday situations
Cultural lag
Coined by sociologist William Ogburn
Described the period of time between the introduction of new technology and the much more time consuming social adaptation to that new technology.
Status
Refers to a recognized social position that an individu occupied
Ascribed status
Social position a person receives at birth or assumes involuntarily later in life.
Achieved status
Refers to a social position that a person assumes voluntarily that reflects personal ability and choice
Role
A set of expectations, rights, and duties that are attached to a particular status.
Role set
Term by Robert Merton
To identify a number of times attached to a single status
Role conflict
A situation in which a person is expected to play two incompatible roles.
Role strain
Contradictory demands to the same role.
Role merger
Occurs when a role becomes central to a persons identity and the person literally becomes the role she or he is playing.
