Lecture neurodegenerative disorders 8: healthy centenarians - 100+ study Flashcards
How is aging described in this lecture?
The cumulative loss of the capacity to oppose damage to the body, leading to an increase in mortality in the log scale, the body has a built-in expiration date.
What data was collected for the 100+ study?
- Firsy day → Disease history, family/genetic assessment, lifestyle and blood draw.
- Second day → Cognitive testing and leftover questions.
- Yearly follow up → Cognitive testing and documentation of other changes.
Just know that this is the patient information in the 100+ study.
Ok
Name examples of data that was collected from healthy centenarians.
- Life history
- Familial heritability
- Neuropsychological performance
- Gut microbiome
- Genetics
- Immunology
- In vivo neuropathology
- Post mortem molecular brain profiling (neuropathology, proteomics, RNAseq)
Various testing methods were used to determine cognition. What test were exceptionally well performed by most centenarians?
The clock drawing and also the mini-mental state examination.
Was there a relation between the MMSE-score and survival?
Yes, with a higher score on the MMSE, the survival probability is higher.
Just study → brain donations (n=85)
Ok
One of the PET scans for amyloid-beta of a 103 year old female with a MMSE-score of 27 is depicted here. What can be concluded?
That even though she has amyloid-beta pathology, she is still cognitively able to score 27 on the MMSE. This tells us that there’s a mechanism that prevents neurodegeneration, even in presence of amyloid-beta (i.e. → resilience)
Besides the presence of amyloid-beta in the brain of healthy centenarians, what else is seen?
That in general, AD associated pathologies are prevalent in cognitively healthy centenarians. Besides amyloid beta, there’s also tau pathology and the presence of neuritic plaques.
!!!!! dia 38 What is seen here?
When it comes to Braak stages, that there’s a threshold in age, where it doesn’t really matter if you already have dementia or are healthy. You see that:
- Non-dementia and dementia patients who die after 100 years, have AD pathology in their brain
Where is this age threshold of around the age of 100 years also seen?
In brain weight
!!! Dia 40
Name centenarian-specific age-related protein-groups.
In brains of centenarians, it is found that there’s an increase in the following:
- microtubules
- intermediate filaments
- protein transport
- ATP metabolism
- Immune system
- Myelin
What is the chance of becoming a centenarian when your sister is already a centenarian?
About 60%
There are genetic components that are involved in the chances you have of becoming a centenarian. What are these genetic components?
A person is:
- Enriched with protective elements
and/or
- Depleted with risk elements