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NYCC Tech VI > Lecture MT 1 > Flashcards

Lecture MT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal cervical range of motion in flexion?

A

50 degrees

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2
Q

What is the normal cervical range of motion in extension?

A

60 degrees

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3
Q

What is the normal cervical range of motion in right lateral flexion?

A

45 degrees

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4
Q

What is the normal cervical range of motion in left lateral flexion?

A

45 degrees

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5
Q

What is the normal cervical range of motion in right rotation?

A

80 degrees

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6
Q

What is the normal cervical range of motion in left rotation?

A

80 degrees

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7
Q

Beginning in the teenage years, what type of tissue replaces the mucoid tissue of the nucleus as you age?

A

Fibrocartilage

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8
Q

What structure in the cervical spine serves as a guide to coupled lateral flexion and rotation from C3-C7?

A

Uncinate processes

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9
Q

What is the orientation of the facet joints in the cervical spine?

A

20-45 degrees from the transverse plane

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10
Q

What is the prime movement of the C0-C1 joint?

A

Flexion and extension

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11
Q

what type of motion would you consider the lateral flexion and rotation in the C0-C1 ROM?

A

Uncoupled lateral flexion and rotation

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12
Q

What joint accounts for 50% of all cervical rotation?

A

C1-C2

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13
Q

What Gonstead listing would you give the atlas if there was a right lateral flexion restriction?

A

ASR

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14
Q

What Gonstead listing would you give the atlas if there was a left lateral flexion restriction?

A

ASL

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15
Q

What Gonstead listing would you give the atlas if there was a right lateral flexion and left rotation restriction?

A

ASRP

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16
Q

What Gonstead listing would you give the atlas if there was a left lateral flexion and left rotation restriction?

A

ASLA

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17
Q

What condition is characterized by the inability to move the neck most often seen upon awakening and after no apparent trauma?

A

Acute Torticollis

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18
Q

The theory of meniscoid entrapment is a possible cause of what condition?

A

Acute Torticollis

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19
Q

What condition is characterized as a chronic degenerative condition that affects the vertebral bodies, IVDs, facet joints, and ligaments?

A

Cervical Spondylolithesis

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20
Q

What term describes the degenerative arthritis of the vertebrae and related tissues?

A

Spondylosis

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21
Q

What term describes an inflammation of the vertebrae?

A

Spondylitis

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22
Q

What term describes a breaking down of vertebral structures?

A

Spondylolysis

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23
Q

What term describes a forward slippage of a vertebra often due to spondylolysis?

A

Spondylolisthesis

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24
Q

What type of disc herniation is characterized by the nucleus pulposus penetrating asymmetrically through the annular fibers, but still confined within the annular margin?

A

Disc protrusion

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25
What type of disc herniation is characterized by the nucleus pulposus extending beyond the annular margin?
Disc extrusion
26
What type of disc herniation is characterized by the nuclear "free fragment" separating from the extruded disc?
Disc sequestration
27
What is the most common type of Odontoid Fracture?
Type II Odontoid Fracture
28
What term describes a vertical fracture of the spinous process of C6 or C7 due to an acute powerful flexion force?
Clay Shoveler's Fracture
29
What term describes a fracture of the vertebral body due to axial compression on a spine that's flexed or extended?
Teardrop Fracture
30
What type of teardrop fracture is associated with devastating neurological deficits and is considered a "diving" injury?
Flexion Teardrop
31
What type of teardrop fracture is associated with no neurological deficits and is stable in flexion, but unstable in extension?
Extension Teardrop
32
What are some of the red flags symptoms associated when a patient complains of headaches?
SSNOOP: - Systemic symptoms (fever, weight loss) - Secondary risk factors (HIV, systemic cancer) - Neurological Symptoms (confusion, impaired alertness) - Onset (sudden, abrupt) - Older (over 50 years of age) - Previous headache history
33
What are some of the signs and symptoms associated with a Common Migraine?
At least 2 of the following: - Unilateral - Pulsating quality - Moderate or severe pain - Photophobia and photophobia - Aggravation causes avoidance of routine physical activity At least 1 of the following: - photophobia & phonophobia - nausea and/or vomiting
34
What type of headache is associated with a unilateral presentation and pulsating quality of pain?
Common Migraine
35
What type of headache is associated with an aura and usually occur unilaterally?
Migraine w/ aura (formerly known as Classical Migraine)
36
What type of headache is associated with a bilateral presentation and a tightening quality of pain?
Tension Headache
37
What type of headache is associated with a severe or very severe unilateral orbital pain that occurs about once per day?
Cluster Headache
38
What type of headache is associated with a referred pain that originates from the neck, often due to muscle tension or cervical degenerative arthritis?
Cervicogenic Headache
39
What structure is most often the mechanism of stroke after a cervical manipulation?
Vertebrobasilar artery (VBA)
40
What is the most common mechanism of a VBA stroke?
Spontaneous
41
What connective tissue disorders increase your chance of having a VBA Stroke?
Vascular Type Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, Marfan's syndrome, Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type 1
42
What are some of the risks factors that may increase your chance of VBA stroke?
- Recent URI - Elevated Homocystine levels - History of Migraine-type headaches
43
What condition is characterized by weaken linings of the blood vessel and intestinal walls?
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type IV
44
What are some of the signs and symptoms of Vascular Type Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome?
- Thin and translucent skin - Joint hypermobility in the digits - Lobeless ears, large eyes, thin nose - Extensive bruising from minor trauma
45
What condition is characterized by the connective tissue disorder that affects the skeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular system?
Marfan's Syndrome
46
What are some of the signs and symptoms of Marfan's Syndrome?
- Tall and thin stature with long extremities - Long, thin, and hyperextensible fingers - Spinal kyphosis - Pectus excavation or pectus carinatum
47
What is the most common and mildest form of Osteogenesis Imperfecta?
Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type I
48
What is the estimated incidence of stroke from cervical manipulation?
1-3 per million treatments
49
Where are some of the red flag symptoms of a patient with a VBA Ischemia?
- "The worst headache ever" - Severe dizziness or vertigo - Double vision - Fainting or drop attacks
50
Adjusting in what direction may help with acute torticollis?
Into direction of restriction (rather than against it) may gap the jt & release meniscoid without “jamming” the jt
51
Name 3 types of torticollis.
- acute - infantile - chronic (cervical dystonia)
52
What can cause infantile torticollis?
- birth trauma - postural - congenital
53
What can cause chronic torticollis?
Neuromuscular cause
54
What is a rare cause of torticollis?
Infection of head or end k can cause inflammatory torticollis secondary to inflamed glands & lymph nodes in neck
55
What does “AS” mean in a Gonstead listing?
Extension malposition
56
What does “PS” mean in a Gonstead listing?
Flexion malposition
57
What does “RS” or ”LS” mean in a Gonstead listing?
Lateral flexion malposition (name the superior side) - RS = right superior - LS = left superior
58
What does “RA” or “LP” mean in a Gonstead listing?
Left rotation malposition - RA = right anterior - LP = left posterior
59
What does “RP” or “LA” mean in a Gonstead listing?
Right rotation malposition - RP = right posterior - LA = left anterior
60
The presence of sensory, motor, or reflex abnormalities in the distribution of the affected nerve root of the cervical spine is called ____
Cervical radiculopathy (NOT the same as pain radiating into extremities)
61
What is myelopathy?
Spinal cord dysfunction
62
What are the signs & symptoms of myelopathy?
- finger numbness - clumsiness - difficulty walking - more severe = bowel & bladder control dysfunction - hyperreflexia & clonus (long-tract signs)
63
What can cause myelopathy?
Severe stenosis of spinal canal d/t bony encroachment
64
What signs of myelopathy may indicate surgical intervention?
- SSx of significant and/or progressive myelopathy-> urgent surgical decompression of spinal cord or nerve roots - significant muscle weakness d/t n. Root impingement
65
If a patient with myelopathy has already developed ____, a full return of muscle strength would not be expected even after surgical decompression.
Muscle atrophy
66
Mild cases of myelopathy can be treated with ____, but must be monitored closely for…
- conservative care - progression to potentially permanent condition
67
Is a clay shoveler’s fracture stable or unstable?
Stable
68
What is the criteria for a migraine with aura?
**Aura**: At least 1 of the following, but no motor weakness: - fully reversible visual symptoms - fully reversible sensory symptoms - fully reversible dysphasia speech disturbance At least 2 of the following: - visual Sx and/or unilateral sensory Sx - at least 1 aura Sx develops gradually over 5 mins - each Sx lasts >5 and <60 mins **AND** headache fulfilling criteria for migraine without aura begins during the aura or follows within 60 mins
69
What is the criteria for a tension type headache?
Headache has at least 2 of the following characteristics: - bilateral location - pressing/tightening (non-pulsating) quality - mild or moderate intensity - not aggravated by routine physical activity such as walking or climbing stairs Both of the following: - no nausea or vomiting (anorexia may occur) - no more than one of photophobia or phonophobia
70
What is the criteria for a cluster headache?
Severe or very severe unilateral orbital, supraorbital and/or temporal pain Accompanied by at least 1 of the following: Attacks have a frequency from 1 every other day to 8/day  ipsilateral conjunctival injection and/or lacrimation  ipsilateral nasal congestion and/or rhinorrhoea  ipsilateral eyelid edema  ipsilateral forehead and facial sweating  ipsilateral miosis and/or ptosis  a sense of restlessness or agitation

NYCC Tech VI (3 decks)

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