Lecture Lecture Final Final Review Review

Question 1

What term describes any process that causes irritation, compression, or dysfunction of one or more of the cervical nerve roots?

Answer 1

Radiculopathy

Question 2

What is the most common cause of cervical radiculopathy?

Answer 2

Herniated nucleus pulposis (HNP)

Question 3

What condition causes cervical radiculopathy most commonly in patients less than 40 years of age?

Answer 3

Herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP)

Question 4

What condition causes cervical radiculopathy most commonly in patients older than 40 years of age?

Answer 4

Lateral Canal Stenosis (LCS)

Question 5

What sign of Cervical Radiculopathy involves increased arm pain with extension, side bending, and axial loading to the affected side?

Answer 5

Spurling’s Sign

Question 6

What clinical findings can narrow your differential diagnosis down to a cervical radiculopathy?

Answer 6

• Spurling’s sign
• Relieve with manual distraction of the neck
• Bakody’s sign

Question 7

If there is increased arm pain when placing the patients forearm on the top of the head, what condition do you suspect this patient has?

Answer 7

TOS

Question 8

What term describes neck pain that radiates into the arm that not due to cervical nerve root irritation and more of a Sclerotogenous-like referral?

Answer 8

Pseudoradiculopathy

Question 9

What is the most common type of Pseudoradiculopathy?

Answer 9

Myofascial trigger points

Question 10

What muscle can have a trigger point that refers to the shoulder and hand, the medial border of the scapula, and down into the hand?

Answer 10

Scalene

Question 11

What is the most common site for neural compression or vascular compression?

Answer 11

Interscalene triangle

Question 12

What are three major locations for neurovascular entrapment in TOS?

Answer 12

• Interscalene triangle
• Costoclavicular triangle
• Subcoracoid space

Question 13

What is the treatment for a patient you suspect has a Myelopathy?

Answer 13

Surgical decompression

Question 14

What term describes changes to the spinal cord that may present as hyperreflexia (clonus), bowel or bladder control dysfunction, or spasticity paralysis?

Answer 14

Myelopathy

Question 15

What signs and symptoms would urgent you to get a surgical consult for a cervical radiculopathy?

Answer 15

• Bowel or bladder dysfunction
• Severe motor or sensory loss
• Sequestered disc
• Progressive myelopathy or neurological deficits

Question 16

What is considered the Loose-Packed position for the TMJ?

Answer 16

Slight opening of the jaw with 3-5mm between the teeth

Question 17

What term describes inflammation of the middle ear and is the most common diagnosis for physician out-patient visits in children 15 and younger?

Answer 17

Otitis Media

Question 18

What term describes fluid in the middle ear without evidence of ear infection?

Answer 18

Otitis Media with Effusion (OME)

Question 19

What is the recommended treatment for an Acute Infectious Otitis Media?

Answer 19

Antibiotic therapy

Question 20

What are some of the possible red flags and complications associated with Otitis Media?

Answer 20

Mastoiditis, Meningitis or Brain Abscess

Question 21

What condition is characterized by the herniation of the cerebellar tonsils into the foramen magnum?

Answer 21

Arnold-Chiari Malformation

Question 22

What condition is characterized by the inflammation and demyelinating disease of the central nervous system?

Answer 22

Multiple Sclerosis

Question 23

What gender is most commonly affected by Multiple Sclerosis?

Answer 23

Females

Question 24

What condition is characterized by the inflammation of the meninges and presents with nuchal rigidity, sudden high fever, and altered mental status?

Answer 24

Meningitis

Question 25

What tests can be observed in 50% of Meningitis cases?

Answer 25

Kernig's or Brudzinski's sign

Question 26

What is the definitive test for diagnosing meningitis?

Answer 26

Lumbar puncture with examination of the CSF

Question 27

What is the most current biomechanical theory of concussions and brain injuries?

Answer 27

Coup-Contrecoup Phenomenon

Question 28

What test can be used to differentiate Cervicogenic Vertigo and Peripheral Vertigo?

Answer 28

Swivel Stool Test

Question 29

What is the safest and most conservative pharmaceutical treatment for neck pain?

Answer 29

Analgesics

Question 30

What neck pain treatment is considered safe, but have significant safety concerns regarding GI bleeding?

Answer 30

NSAIDS

Question 31

Corticosteroid use or endocrine disease is a possible red flag in a patient with neck pain because it may be due to what condition?

Answer 31

Possible pathological fracture

Question 32

What type of headache is characterized as being bilateral, inhibits activaty, and is described as a "tightening" feeling?

Answer 32

Tension-type headache

Question 33

What test can be used to determine if a patient's rash is due to meningitis or septicemia because the rash does not fade when pressed with the side of water glass?

Answer 33

Water glass test

Question 34

You perform the swivel stool test on a patient and they say the dizziness gets worse when you hold their head still and their body rotates on the stool. This finding most likely indicates what condition?

Answer 34

Cervicogenic vertigo

Question 35

What condition is characterized by the patient being awake and aware, but completely paralyzed except for eye movements?

Answer 35

Locked-In Syndrome

Question 36

When fully opening the mouth, what has to occur in the TMJ to do this?

Answer 36

Pivot and then translation anteriorly, overriding the articular eminence of the temporal bone