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CLP > Lecture Midterm Review > Flashcards

Lecture Midterm Review Flashcards

1
Q

what is the term for increased numbers of lymphocytes?

A

lymphocytosis

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2
Q

what is monocytosis

A

increased monocytes

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3
Q

what is the term for increased numbers of basophils? neutrophils?

A

basophilia, neutrophilia

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4
Q

when do we use the suffix “-philia” for describing an increase in cell numbers?

A

when the cell name ends in “phil”

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5
Q

when would we use the suffix “cytosis” when describing increased cell numbers?

A

when the cell name ends in “cyte”

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6
Q

what is the term for increased platelets?

A

thrombocytosis

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7
Q

what suffix would we use to describe a decreased number of cells?

A

“penia”

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8
Q

define neutropenia

A

decreased neutrophils in circulation

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9
Q

The suffix for decreased cell numbers is “-penia”. What is the exception to this rule? What is the definition of the term?

A

Anemia: decreased RBC in blood

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10
Q

what is the term for decreased monocytes in blood

A

monocytopenia

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11
Q

what are two possible terms describing the decreased number of lymphocytes in blood?

A

lymphopenia or lymphocytopenia

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12
Q

what is the term for decreased platelets in blood?

A

thrombocytopenia

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13
Q

what is the term for increased RBC? What is the term for decreased RBC?

A

increase: polycythemia decrease: anemia

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14
Q

the prefix “Hypo” means:

A

decreased

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15
Q

the prefix “Normo-“ means:

A

norma

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16
Q

What is the term for increased colour in RBC?

A

hyperchromic

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17
Q

What is the suffix used for describing protein concentrations ?

A

-proteinemia (example: hyperproteinemia)

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18
Q

You come across a neutrophil that is significantly larger than a nearby monocyte. How would you describe the cell size?

A

Macrocytic

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19
Q

If something is present in urine, the suffix we use is:

A

-uria

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20
Q

Define Ketonuria

A

ketones in urine

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21
Q

define pyuria

A

pus in urine

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22
Q

define cylindruria

A

casts in urine

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23
Q

what is the term for glucose in the urine?

A

glycosuria or glycosuria

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24
Q

If a urine sample is considered Hyposthenuria, what does this mean?

A

Decreased concentration (lower Specific Gravity than 1.008

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25
Q

Define Isosthenuria

A

normal urine concentration (specific gravity of 1.008-1.012)

26
Q

Describe plasma and how it is produced

A

fluid component of blood that is produced after centrifuged in an anti-coagulant container

27
Q

What is the main difference between serum and plasma?

A

plasma still contains clotting factors

28
Q

T or F: when performing a PCV, the colour of the plasma should always be ignored

A

false, should be noted

29
Q

Which component that may or may not be found in blood can break down 50% per hour when exposed to light or air?

A

bilirubin

30
Q

What is the term for a yellow colour?

A

icteric

31
Q

What device do we use to read Plasma Protein?

A

refractometer

32
Q

You are told to read the specific gravity of a urine sample. You place a drop of the sample on the platform. When you look through, you read the specific gravity at 1.011. You then add some distilled water to rinse the sample off and dry the platform off with a KimWipe. Did you miss any steps?

A

You did not calibrate the refractometer first- this can cause inaccurate results

33
Q

T or False; when reading specific gravity, we read it on the scale to the left in the refractometer eyepiece

A

false, we read the scale to the right for SG

34
Q

What is a common clinical sign that causes increased serumnor plasma protein?

A

dehydration

35
Q

dehydration is the most common cause of:

A

hyperproteinemia

36
Q

What sort of distortions might you expect to see in the feathered edge of a blood smear?

A

Clumps of platelets Increased WBC Increased ruptured WBC Large gaps between cells

37
Q

what term is used to describe an increased PCV value?

A

polycythemia

38
Q

What are the traditional units for PCV? How do we convert to Scientific Units?

A

Traditional: % out of 100 Scientific: divide by 100 to get ______L/L Example: 50% Traditional Units is 0.50 L/L scientific units

39
Q

Explain how to set up a microhematocrit tube on a PCV scale

A
  • place microhematocrit tube on scale - first, line up the bottom line with the “0%” line - slide the tube along the line until the meniscus of the plasma layer is aligned with the “100%” line - read the PCV value at the top of the RBC layer
40
Q

The buffy coat should be approximately ____ in size

A

1mm

41
Q

what is the normal value of PCV in canine?

A

37-55%

42
Q

what is a normal PCV reading for felines? (traditional units)

A

27-45%

43
Q

what two main components make up Eukaryotic cells?

A

nucleus and cytoplasm

44
Q

what type of structures do we look for in white blood cells in order to identify them?

A

nucleus, cytoplasm, vacuoles, size

45
Q

what species has a Basophils with a nucleus like a “fuzzy caterpillar”?

A

ruminant

46
Q

Which species and blood cell has “purple pepper” granules?

A

Equine basophils

47
Q

Which is typically the largest wbc? the smallest?

A

largest: monocyte smallest: neutrophil

48
Q

which wbc has the most spread out or thin chromatin?

A

monocyte

49
Q

You are setting up the microscope to read a urine sample. What steps do you go through to have the best possible view of the sample?

A

Condenser up Stage up Diaphragm closed (open a bit on 40x)

50
Q

Which element of urine do we view on 10x power objectives?

A

casts

51
Q

Which cast has the lowest refractive index

A

hyaline

52
Q

You see a cast that is 2/3rds fat droplets with 4 cells inside. What type of cast is this?

A

Cellular cast

53
Q

Describe a waxy cast

A
  • squared ends - frequently cracked - often bent or curved
54
Q

what are the two types of epithelial cells?

A

transitional and squamous

55
Q

describe the difference between calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals and calcium oxalata dihydrate crystals

A

monohydrate: oval or dumbbell, “picket fence” shape, dihydrate: octahedral or envelope-like, has an x inside the square

56
Q

You are reading urine and see a small, green coloured, dumbbell shaped structure. What do you think it is?

A

Calcium carbonate crystals

57
Q

identify the following

A

bilirubin

58
Q

what are these structures?

A

transitional epithelial cells

59
Q

identify

A

Cholesterol crystal

60
Q

what is this type of crystal? what might cause this?

A

Starch crystal, this happens from handling sample with gloves on

61
Q

Which pad on the dipstick do we completely ignore for cats?

A

leukocyte pad

62
Q

identify this structure found in urine

A

fungal spores

CLP (2 decks)

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