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Setha: Derm! > Lecture Material > Flashcards

Lecture Material Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are the layers of the skin?

A

Epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer

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2
Q

What type of epithelial cells is the epidermis?

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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3
Q

How thick is the epithelium?

A

0.05mm to 1.5mm

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4
Q

What are the functions of the skin and nails?

A

-Physical barrier: prevents fluid loss and entry to toxic chemicals, organisms and trauma -temperature regulation -protection against UV radiation -Synthesis of Vit. D -Sensation

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5
Q

“Peach fuzz” body hair on children and adults, not effected by hormones

A

Vellus

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6
Q

Characteristics of both vellus and terminal hair

A

Intermediate hair

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7
Q

Growth phase; duration average of 3 years

A

Anagen

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8
Q

Degenerative stage; duration few weeks

A

Catagen

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9
Q

Resting phase; length varies by body site

A

Telogen

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10
Q

Fine hair that covers fetus that is discarded after birth

A

Lanugo

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11
Q

Hair shaft shedding 25-100 per day

A

Effluvium

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12
Q

How thick is the dermis?

A

0.3mm to 3.0mm

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13
Q

What are the functions of hair?

A

-Protection -Regulation of temperature -Evaporation of perspiration -Sensation

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14
Q

What is it important to do what evaluating the patient’s skin?

A

MAKE SURE TO UNDRESS THE PATIENT

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15
Q

Scalp, beard, axilla, pubic-area: growth influenced by hormones

A

Terminal hair

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16
Q

inflammation of the skin

A

dermatitis/eczema

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17
Q

Sx of acute phase of dermatitis

A
  • Pruritis
  • redness
  • vesicle formatio
  • oozing crusting
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18
Q

Sx of subacute phase of dermatitis

A
  • pruritis
  • reddness
  • scaling
  • parches or scalded appearance
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19
Q

Sx of chronic phase of dermatitis

A
  • lichenification due to scratching/itching
  • hyperpigmentation
  • excoriation
  • fissuring
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20
Q

Results from contact by irritating substance. direct toxic effect on skin

A

contact dermatits

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21
Q

What are common agents for contact dermatitis?

A
  • Abrasives
  • cleaning agents
  • caustic agents
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22
Q

What are the acute and chronic rashes seen in contact dermatitis?

A
  • Acute
    • erythema
    • vesicles
    • erosion
    • crusting
  • Chronic
    • papules
    • plaques
    • crusts
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23
Q

T-cell mediated response that occurs in individuals that have become sensitized

A

Allergic contact dermatitis

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24
Q

Causes of allergic contact dermatitis?

A
  • Topical medications
  • jewlery
  • rubber
  • disinfectants
  • cosmetics
  • plants (most commonly poison ivy)
25
Q

What acute and chronic rash is seen with allergic contact dermatitis?

A
  • Acute
    • Erythema
    • Vesicles
    • Erosions
    • Crusting
  • Chronic
    • Papules
    • Plaques
    • Crusts
26
Q

What type of testing is done for allergic contact dermatitis?

A

Patch testing after the dermatitis resolves

27
Q

What is the most common fo all mucocutaneous infections?

A

Superficial fungal infections

28
Q

What causes most superficial fungal infections?

A

overgrowth of mucocutaneous microbiome, invading skin & mucosal sites

  • Candida species
  • Malassezia species
  • Dermatophytes
29
Q

Superficial infection that may involve any cutaenous or mucous surface of the body

A

Candidiasis

30
Q

What is the most common cause of Candidiasis?

A

Candida albicans

31
Q

Risk factors for mucocutaneous candidias?

A
  • Diabetes
  • Pregnancy
  • Obesity
  • HIV/AIDS
  • Systemic antibiotics
  • Oral corticosteroids
  • OCP & IUD
  • Warm/humid climate
  • Moist/occluded sites
32
Q

What lab exams should be carried out for dx of mucocutaneous candidiasis?

A
  • Direct microscopy with KOH prep
    • Pseudohypae & budding yeast
  • Culture to identify Candida albicans/rule out secondary infection
33
Q

Patches & pustules on erythematous base “beefy red” become eroded & confluent, sharply demarcated, “satellite lesions”

pruritis, tenderness, pain

A

Candidal intertrigo

34
Q

What is the distribution of Candidal intertrigo?

A

Axillae, groin (perineal, intergluteal cleft)

35
Q

What will be on the diff dx with candidal intertrigo?

A
  • Psoriasis
  • Erythramsa
  • Pityriasis versicolor
  • Tinea cruris
36
Q

Management of candidal intertrigo?

A
  • Topical antifungal (eg Nystatin cream), oral antifungals
37
Q

Prevention of candidal intertrigo?

A

keep area dry, use imidazole powder

38
Q

Irritability, discomfort with urination/defecation, changing diapers; erythema (“beefy red”), edema with papular & pustular lesions

A

Diaper dermatitis

39
Q

Distribution of diaper dermatitis?

A

Genital & perianal skin, inner aspects of thighs/buttocks

40
Q

Diff dx with diaper dermatitis?

A
  • eczema
  • psoriasis
  • irritant dermatitis
41
Q

Prevention of diaper rash?

A

Keep dry

42
Q

Management of diaper rash?

A

Topical antifungals (eg Nystatin cream)

43
Q

White-curd like plaques on mucosal surface that when removed with dry gauze leaves erythematous mucosal surface

A

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (“thrush”)

44
Q

Distribution of Oropharyngeal candidiasis (“thrush”)?

A

Dorsum of tongue, buccal mucosa, hard/soft palate

45
Q

Diff dx with Oropharyngeal candidiasis (“thrush”)?

A
  • Leukoplakia
  • condyloma acuminatum
  • geographic tongue
  • lichen planus
  • hairy tongue
  • SCC
46
Q

Management of Oropharyngeal candidiasis (“thrush”)?

A
  • Correct precipitating cause (eg d/c inhaled corticosteroids)
  • topical antifungals (eg Nystatin suspension)
47
Q

What % of women experience at least 1 episode of Vulvovaginitis candidiasis?

A

75%

48
Q

>20% of women have vaginal colonization by…

A

C. albicans

49
Q

Abrupt onset, vaginal discharge/soreness, pruritis, burning, dyspareunia, that may occur before menses

Vulvar/vaginal erythema and edema, curd-like white plaques

A

Vilvovaginitis candidiasis

50
Q

Diff dx with Vilvovaginitis candidiasis?

A
  • Trichomoniasis
  • bacterial vaginosis
  • lichen planus
  • lichen sclerosis
51
Q

Management of Vilvovaginitis candidiasis?

A

Oral antifungal (eg fluconazole) or intravaginal prep (many OTC)

52
Q

Etiology of Balanitis?

A

Uncircumsized men

53
Q

Pruritis, itching/burning

Papules, pustules, erosions; white plaques under foreskin

A

Balanitis

54
Q

Diff dx with Balanitis?

A
  • Psoriasis
  • Eczema
  • Lichen planus
55
Q

Which infection should you consider treating sexual partner if reinfection ooccurs?

A

Balanitis

56
Q

Management of Balanitis?

A

Topical nystatin ointment and warm soaks BID to relieve pruritis/burning

57
Q

Superficial overgrowth of Malassezia furfur (lipophiic yeast that normall resides in the keratin of skin & hair follicles) under favorable

A

Pityriasis versicolor

58
Q

Risk factors of Pityriasis versicolor?

A
  • sweating
  • tropical climate
  • poly skin
  • aerobic exercise
  • application of cocoa butter
59
Q
A

Setha: Derm! (4 decks)

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