Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Setha: Derm! > Green PANCE book :) > Flashcards

Green PANCE book :) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the first step in an accurate diagnosis of skin disease?

A

Thorough history!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What should be investigated as part of the history?

A

Past medical history, medication history, family history, psychological factors, recreational and employment risk, and diet and environmental/travel exposures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the Darier sign?

A

Rubbing a lesion causes urticarial flare

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the Auspitz sign?

A

Pinpoint bleeding after a scale is removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the Nikolsky sign?

A

Pushing a blister causes further separation of the dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the Photopatch test?

A

Documents photoallergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Patch test?

A

Demonstrates hypersensitivity reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Koebner phenomenon?

A

Minor trauma leads to new lesions at site of trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is Diascopy performed?

A

Glass slide or diascope pressed against the skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the results of diascopy?

A

Blanching indicates intact capillaries; extravasated blood (purpura) does not blanch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does a KOH prep affect?

A

Dissolves keratin and cellular material but does not affect fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does KOH prep identify?

A

dermatophyte infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you prepare a Potassium hydroxide preparation (KOH prep)?

A

Microscopic examination of skin scrapings mounted in KOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of instruments facilitate specimen collections?

A

Blunt and sharp instruments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of examination is used to assess changes in pigment or fluoresce infectious lesions?

A

Wood’s light examination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the MAD criteria?

A

How to describe a lesion; M: morphology, A: arrangement, D: distribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Shagreen skin?

A

Oval-shaped nevoid plague. Skin is colored or pigmented on the trunk or back and is associated with tuberous sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is used to facilitate the examination of warts?

A

Acetowhitening using acetic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which is indicated if pathologic confirmation is necessary?

A

Biopsy- excisional, incisional, shave or punch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dilated, small, superficial blood vessel

A

Telangiectasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What kind of light should the physical exam be carried out under?

A

Natural or direct lighting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Thickened skin with distinct borders, often result of excessive scratching or prolonged irritation

A

Lichenification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Swollen and softened by an increase in water content (appearance when skin left in water too long)

A

Macerated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Irregular, rough, and convoluted surfaces

A

Verrucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Solid, palpable lesion

A

Papule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Solid, palpable lesion >5mm in diameter

A

Nodule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Flat, non palpable lesion

A

Macule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Flat, non palpable lesion >10mm in diameter

A

Patch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Plateau-like lesion >10mm in diameter, mat be a group of confluent papules

A

Plague

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Circumscribed, elevated lesion containing serous fluid

A

Vesicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Circumscribed, elevated lesion containing serous fluid >5mm in diameter

A

Bulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Transient, elevated lesion caused by local edema

A

Wheal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Minute hemorrhagic spots that cannot be blanched by diascopy

A

Petechiae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Hard, rough surface formed by dried sebum, exudate, blood, or necrotic skin

A

Crust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Heaped up piles of horny epithelium with a dry appearance

A

Scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Vesicle or bulla containing purulent material

A

Pustule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Defect of the epidermis; heals without a scar

A

Erosion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Defect that extends into the dermis or deeper; heals with a scar

A

Ulcer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Are eczema and dermatitis used interchangeably?

A

YES :)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Caused by chemical irritants, such as cleaners, solvents, and detergents in contact with the skin

A

Irritant contact dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is irritant contact diaper dermatitis?

A

Diaper rash; due to prolonged contact with urine, feces, or detergents from washable diapers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What bacterial infection is irritant contact diaper dermatitis often associated with?

A

superimposed Candida infection characterized by satellite lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

What type if allergy does allergic contact dermatitis denote?

A

Allergic type IV cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What are the common causes of allergic contact dermatitis?

A

Occupational or personal contact with irritants, such as cleaning supplies, solvents, oils, abrasives, oxidizing or reducing agents, dust, nickel, enzymes, and plants ( eg poison ivy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

What do patients complain of in contact dermatitis?

A

Itching and burning in the affected area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

What types of acute lesions are seen with contact dermatitis?

A

Well demarcated areas of erythema and possibly exudative lesions, vesicles, erosions, and crusts may develop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

What types of chronic lesions are seen with contact dermatitis?

A

Plaques and scaling with lichenification. Satellite papules and excoriations are common.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

What lab studies will support a diagnosis of contact dermatitis?

A

Patch test that results in similar reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

What is the main tx for contact dermatitis?

A

Avoid/remove the offending agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

A chronic relapsing disorder that occurs in childhood. Type I immunoglobulin E-mediated hypersensitivity reaction..

A

Atopic dermatitis

51
Q

What other conditions are seen with atopic dermatitis (triad)?

A

Asthma and allergic rhinitis

52
Q

-Papules and plaques (with or without scales) may be associates with edema, erosion, and crusts -Patient complains of pruritus and dry, scaly skin

A

Atopic dermatitis

53
Q

What bacteria most commonly causes secondary infection in atopic dermatitis?

A

Staph aureus

54
Q

Where on the body is atopic dermatitis most often seen?

A

Flexural surfaces, neck, eyelids, forehead, face, and dorsum of the hands and feet

55
Q

Dermatographism is characteristic in which dermatitis?

A

Atopic dermatitis

56
Q

What is the treatment for atopic dermatitis?

A
  • Antihistamines to help reduce itching
  • Topical corticosteroids are the mainstay of tx
  • hydration and topical emollients are key to management
  • Avoid: soaps, vigorous rubbing, frequent bathing, and irritant clothing (wool)
57
Q

Pruitic inflammatory disorder that typically affects young adults and the elderly. Typically occurs in fall and winter.

A

Nummular dermatitis

58
Q

Small, grouped vesicles coalesce to form coin-shaped plaques with an erythematous base and clearly demarcated borders most commonly on the extremeties. Crusting and excoritations can occur.

A

Nummular dermatitis

59
Q

Tx for Nummular dermatitis?

A

Responds to moisturizers and topical steroids. Tar baths or UVB phototherapy can be helpful for refractory cases

60
Q

Dermatitis where sebacious glands are most active (body folds, face, scalp, genitalia). Common during infancy and puberty and in young to middle aged adults

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

61
Q

Scattered yellowish or gray, scaly macules and papules with a greasy look. Sticky crusts found behind the ears. Manifests as cradle cap in infants and dandruff in adults.

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

62
Q

Tx for seborrheic dermatitis

A
  • Shampoos containing selenium or zinc and ketoconazole shampoo for acute flare ups
  • tar shampoo or topical steroids for severe cases
  • cradle cap: olive oil compresses and baby shampoo
  • UV radiation can also be helpful
63
Q

Papulopustules form on erythematous bases and may become confluent with plaques and scales. Vermillion border is spared and satillite lesions are common

A

Perioral dermatitis

64
Q

What causes perioral dermatitis?

A

Often young women with a history of prior topical steroid use in the area

65
Q

What tx should you avoid with perioral dermatitis?

A

TOPICAL STEROIDS…they caused it silly ;)

66
Q

Tx for perioral dermatitis?

A

Topical metronidazole or erthyromycin

67
Q

Chronic venous insufficiency due to valvular incompetency leads to edema, dermatitis, hyperpigmentation fibrosis, and ulceration

A

Stasis dermatitis

68
Q

Who is more often effected by Stasis dermatitis?

A

Women are 3x more often effected. Pregnancy will exacerbate this

69
Q

What will a patient complain of in stasis dermatitis?

A

heaviness or aching in the legs that is aggrevated by standing and alleviated by sitting

70
Q

Inflammatory papules, scales, and crusts. Stippled pigmentation and excoriations. Ulcerations can be seen in 30% of patients.

A

Stasis dermatitis

71
Q

What will confirm chronic insufficiency in stasis dermatitis?

A

Doppler studies, sonography, or venography

72
Q

Tx for stasis dermatitis?

A
  • Chronic insufficiency: compression stockings
  • Vascular bypass, endothelial thermal ablation, or angioplasty/stenting of obscured veins MAY benefit severly compromised areas
73
Q

What is lichenification?

A

Long-term manifestation of atopic dermatitis due to repetitive scratching and rubbing

74
Q

Well-circumscribed plaques that are highly pruritic. Sets up a cycle of itch-scratch lesions

A

Lichen simplex chronicus

75
Q

Solid, firm, thick plaques with little to no scaling. Light touch precipitates a strong desire to scratch. Common areas include nuchal area, scalp, ankles, lower legs, upper thighs, exterior forearms, or genitial areas

A

Lichen simplex chronicus

76
Q

What lab studies should be done for lichen simplex chronicus?

A
  • KOH prep to rule out fungal infection
  • Biopsy: shows hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis
77
Q

Management of lichen simplex chronicus

A

Stopping the itch-scratch cycle. Antihistamines to reduce itching

78
Q

Tx of lichen simplex chronicus

A

Occulusive dressing w or w/o topical steroids or tar prep

79
Q

What is characteristically seen before Pityriasis rosea?

A

Herald patch

80
Q

What causes Pityriasis rosea?

A

Viral (Human herpes virus 7)

81
Q

What does the herald patch look like?

A

Solitary, round or oval pink plaque with a raised border and fine adherent scales in the margin. Usually precedes rash by 1 week

82
Q

Where does the Pityriasis rash start? What does it look like?

A

Trunk as round or oval, salmon-colored, slightly raised papular and macular lesions usually about 1cm in diameter

83
Q

What does the distribution of the Pityriasis rosea resemble?

A

Christmas tree-like distribution

84
Q

Tx for Pityriasis rosea

A

Self limiting (usually 3-8 weeks) other than lotions or emoillents for the scales

85
Q

What prodrome can be seen before the onset of the Pityriasis rosea rash?

A

Mild URI

86
Q

Viral disease of the skin and mucous membranes caused by poxvirus

A

Molluscum contagiosum

87
Q

Where are lesions commonly seen in adults in Molluscum contagiosum?

A

Groin areas and lower abdomen

88
Q

Can Molluscum contagiosum be trasmitted through sexual activity?

A

YES! Wrap that shit ;)

89
Q

Delicate, flesh-colored, waxy dome-shaped, umbilicated papules that range in size from 3-6 mm and appear in groups. A white-curd like material can be expressed from under the depression of the lesions

A

Molluscum contagiosum

90
Q

What labs should be done for Molluscum contagiosum?

A

Biopsy may be needed for immunocompromised patients to rule out fungal dissemination

91
Q

Tx for Molluscum contagiosum

A

Self limiting, but sometimes local destruction of lesions need to be done in more severe cases

92
Q

What are the 4 P’s in Lichen planus?

A
  • Purple
  • Polygonal
  • Pruritic
  • Papule
93
Q

Lesions are flat-topped, shiny, violaceous papules with fine white lines on the surface (Wickham straie). Typically grouped.

A

Lichen planus

94
Q

Where does Lichen planus most commonly occur on the body?

A

Flexor aspect of the wrists, lumbar area, eyelids, shins, and scalp

95
Q

What phenomenon can be seen with Lichen planus?

A

Koebner phenomenon

96
Q

Where can mucosal lesions be seen in Lichen planus?

A

Vagina, glans, penis, and mouth

97
Q

What varients can be seen with lichen planus?

A

Follicular, vesicular, actinic, and ulcerative lesions

98
Q

What labs are needed to confirm lichen planus dx?

A

Biopsy and immunofluroescence

99
Q

What should you screen for with lichen planus?

A

Hep. C because higher prevelance of anti-hep. C virus antibodies in patients with lichen planus

100
Q

Tx for lichen planus?

A

Topical steroids with occlusive dressings

101
Q

What tx if used for oral lesions in lichen planus?

A

Cyclosporine mouthwash

102
Q

What is the tx for severe cases of lichen planus?

A
  • Intralesional steroids or topical tretinion for severe localized lesions
  • Systemic therapy
  • Psoralens plus Ultraviolet A radiation therapy for generalezed eruptions
103
Q

Develops in people younger than 40 years old. Eruptions follow stress or occur in hot, humid weather. Half of affected people also have atopic background

A

Dyshidrotic eczemtous dermatitis

104
Q

What is seen in early disease of dyshidrotic eczematous dermatitis?

A
  • Pruritis common
  • small vesicles in clusters (tapioca-like appearance)
  • occasionally bullae form on fingers, palms, and soles
105
Q

What is seen in late disease of dyshidrotic eczematous dermatitis?

A
  • Papules, scaling, lichenification, and erosions from ruptured vesicles
  • painful fissures may develop
  • predilection for hands and feet
106
Q

What labs need to be done with dyshidrotic eczematous dermatitis to rule out other disease?

A
  • Culture to rule out secondary infection
  • KOH prep to rule out dermatophytosis
107
Q

Tx for dyshidrotic eczematous dermatitis?

A

Wet dressings with Burrow’s solution

108
Q

Additional tx for more severe dyshidrotic eczematous dermatitis?

A
  • Fissures treated with topical collodion
  • topical and severe steroids
  • systemic antimircobials if secondary infection
109
Q

What % of the population is affected by Psoriasis?

A

2% (3-5 million people)

110
Q

Chronic, inflammatory, scaling condition of the skin that also may involve the mucous membranes

A

Psoriasis

111
Q

What is the pathology of psoriasis?

A

greatly enhanced epidermal cell turnover (28x normal)

112
Q

Raised, pink to red papules and plaques with distinct margins and loosely adherent silvery scales

A

Psoriasis

113
Q

What sign can be seen with Psoriasis?

A

Auspitz sign

114
Q

Where is psoriasis most often found on the body?

A

Scalp and extensor surfaces of the elbows and knees

115
Q

What inflammatory dx can occur with psoriasis?

A
  • Psoriatic arthritis in 5-10% of patients
  • Involves distal joints of hands and feet, typically asymmetric
  • can be seen without skin lesions
116
Q

How do you dx psoriasis?

A

History and appearance

117
Q

What are variants of psoriasis?

A

Psoriasis vulgaris, psoriatic erythroderma, guttae psoriasis, and pustular psoriasis

118
Q

What is psoriasis vulgaris?

A

Most common variant of psoriasis. Involves chronic recurring scaling papules and plaques

119
Q

What is psoriatic erythroderma?

A
  • lesions involve entire skin surface
  • exfoliative amd serious
120
Q

What is Guttate psoriasis?

A
  • characterized by acute eruption of typical and atypical lesions in a disseminated pattern
  • spares palms and soles
  • often appears after streptoccal pharyngitis
121
Q

What is pustular psoriasis (von Zumbusch syndrome)?

A
  • abrupt life threatening condition
  • characterized by widespread pustules that coalesce to form lakes of pus
  • fever, malaise, leukocytosis
122
Q

What is tx for mild psoriasis?

A

Topical corticosteroids and topical Vit. D prep (calcipotriene)

123
Q

What tx does molderate psoriasis respond to?

A

Tazarotene gel (topical retinoid)

124
Q

What tx is used for more serious cases of psoriasis?

A

UVB phototherapy, PUVA, and methotrexate but carry risks of skin cancer, cataracts,

Setha: Derm! (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions