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Political Science > Lecture II > Flashcards

Lecture II Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a social contract?

A

Agreement to be governed by a set of rules under an organization of power

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2
Q

Social contract assuming people are bad

A
  • No society without social contract

- Subject cannot change Gov, Gov is result of sov, sov does anything to preserve peace

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3
Q

Commonwealth

A
  • Everyone cedes some individual rights in exchange of others
  • Defense and rule of law
    SOVEREIGNTY
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4
Q

How to avoid slavery in social contract?

A

Laws: expression of General will and preserve liberties

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5
Q

What is distinguished in a social contract?

A

Difference between sovereign (population) and government (enacts law)

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6
Q

Social contract according to Rousseau

A

Can’t be too large, people who “lose” have to understand the reason

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7
Q

Social contract according to Rawls

A

Justice key element, principles of justice under veil of ignorance

  1. Individual has equal rights to the liberties of others
  2. Social/economic inequalities have to be solved
  3. Offices/positions must be open to everyone
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8
Q

What is the veil of ignorance?

A

Method to determine morality of something

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9
Q

What is constitutionalism?

A

Limitations of power of government

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10
Q

What is a constitution

A

Norms creating, structuring and limiting powers

EVERYONE subject to them (rulers as well)

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11
Q

John Locke’s theory

A
  • Humans are bad by nature but capable of altruism
  • State to protect property
  • Right to revolution (if property isn’t respected)
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12
Q

Charles-Louis Secondat theory

A
  • Distinction of gov. branches’ functions

- System of checks and balances

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13
Q

James Madison (US constitution)

A
  • Inclusion of civil rights in constitution
  • Vertical and horizontal limitation of national government
    FEDERALISM
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14
Q

Concept of order without sovereignty

A
  • Order comes from different individual’s self interest, leads to common outcome
  • “Virtuous” individuals (think of common good) may cause harm
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15
Q

Example of order without sovereignty

A
  • Mandeville (virtue prevents capital circulation)

- Smith (invisible hand)

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16
Q

Primordialism (identity)

A

Identity fruit of first socialization, not exchangeable

17
Q

Interactionism (identity)

A

Identity defined by difference, definition and distance

FRONTIERS

18
Q

Instrumentalist (identity)

A

Identities created by political entrepreneurs

19
Q

Rational choice (identity)

A

Identity used (proved) for personal interest

20
Q

What is a national identity

A

Primoridialist and instrumentalist views

21
Q

Difference between community and society

A
  • Community: emotions, tradition

- Society: made, people feel bad not belonging

22
Q

Ernest Geller on nationalism

A
  • National identity to overcome ancient hierarchies (tribes)
  • More egalitarian, mass communication
    IMAGINED COMMUNITIES
23
Q

How can emerging modern states use nationalism?

A
  • Fighting over lords and communities
  • Economic/social transformations, legitimacy of state control
  • Impose social order
24
Q

Ethnic-cultural visión of nation

A

Historical population, people free to leave community

25
Q

Contractarian vision of nation

A 
Individuals value the state more than their other groups 
DAILY PLEBISCITE (Renan)
26
Q

Shortcomings of emerging modern state

A
  1. Specialization
  2. Centralization
  3. Institutionalization
27
Q

Specialization (modern state shortcoming)

A

Lack of public force, admin, army

28
Q

Centralization (shortcoming)

A

Existence of centralized and hierarchical social order

29
Q

Institutionalization (shortcoming)

A

Transitions have to run smoothly, public authority functions shouldn’t be attached to 1 person

30
Q

Competitors of emerging state

A
  1. Lower lords
  2. The Church
  3. Guilds, corporations, etc
31
Q

Tilly’s state formation

A

State formation as protection fueled by war and technology

32
Q

Marx’s state formation

A

Shift in the balance of FACTORS OF PRODUCION (economic)

Ensuring economic/technological progress

33
Q

Weber’s definition of state

A

Human community, MONOPOLY OF PHYSICAL FORCE present (held by state)

34
Q

Aspects of diversity within nation-state?

A
  • Regional identities
  • Cultural linguistic groups
  • Migration
35
Q

Consequence of globalization on diversity

A

Groups more self-conscious

36
Q

Solution to diversity

A

Federalism or decentralization

Decision-making/participation of subunits, protect minorities

37
Q

Consociationalism

A

High tensions between groups can’t be physically separated

38
Q

Example of Consociationalism

A

Lebanon
President: Maconite Christian
Prime Minister: Sunni Muslim
P. National Assembly: Shi’a Muslim

39
Q

Multiculturalism

A

Philosophical tradition on how to deal with minorities

Political Science (5 decks)

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