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Periodontics I > Lecture from (9/14) > Flashcards

Lecture from (9/14) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the formula for periodontal disease?

A

pathogenic flora,
lack of beneficial bacteria,
and a susceptible host

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2
Q

Periodontal pathogens:

A
  • aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (AA)
  • Porphyromonas gingivalis
  • Prevotella intermedia
  • Tannerella forsythia
  • Fusobacterium nucleatum
  • Peptostreptococcus micros
  • Campylobacter rectus
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3
Q

Beneficial species:

A
  • Actinomyces spp.
  • Strep mitis
  • Strep sanguis
  • Capnocytophaga spp.
  • V. parvula
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4
Q

What are some characteristics of a susceptible host?

A
  • impaired neutrophils
  • inadequate immune response
  • LPS responsiveness
  • AIDS
  • Diabetes
  • Smoking
  • Drugs
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5
Q

Steps in plaque formation:

A
  • pellicle formation

- attachment

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6
Q

pellicle formation

A

a thin, bacteria-free layer of salivary proteins attach to the tooth surface within minutes of a professional cleaning.

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7
Q

Attachment of bacteria:

A

Within hours, bacteria begin to attach to the out surface of the pellicle. (via fimbriae on bacteria)

Typically begins with beneficial bacteria

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8
Q

Supragingival plaque

A
  • Coronal plaque
  • Marginal plaque

*usually aerobic bacteria

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9
Q

2 types of subgingival plaque:

A

-attached plaque:
tooth, epithelium, connective tissue
-unattached

*

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10
Q

What is attached (tooth-associated) subgingival plaque, where is it attached?

A

the zone of subgingival plaque directly attached to the surface of the tooth or calculus in the sulcus and pocket.

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11
Q

What is unattached (epithelial) subgingival plaque?

A
  • not directly attached to tooth.
  • gram-negative, motile bacteria
  • in direct contact with junctional and sulcular epithelium.
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12
Q

What types of bacteria are found in young supraginival plaque?

A
  • Mainly gram positive cocci and rods.

- some gram negative cocci and rods.

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13
Q

What types of bacteria are found in aged supragingival plaque?

A

An increase in gram negative anaerobic bacteria.

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14
Q

Characteristics of supragingival plaque:

A
  • 50% matrix
  • mostly gram +
  • Few motile bacteria
  • Aerobic
  • Mostly carb metabolism
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15
Q

Characteristics of subgingival plaque:

A
  • little to no matrix
  • mostly gram -
  • Motile bacteria are common
  • High anaerobic
  • Mostly protein metabolism
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16
Q

Characteristics of tooth-associated sub-gingival plaque:

A
  • gram +
  • does not extend to the JE
  • Associated with calc and root caries
17
Q

Characteristics of epithelium-associated plaque:

A
  • gram+ and gram-
  • extends to JE
  • may penetrate epithelium and CT
  • associated with gingivitis and periodontitis
18
Q

Bacteria with a very strong association with periodontal disease:

A

A.a.
P. Gingivalis
T. forsythia

19
Q

Bacteria with a strong association with periodontal disease:

A 
P. intermedia
E. nodatum
Treponema sp.
Eubacterium sp.
C. rectus
20
Q

Bacteria with a moderate association with periodontal disease:

A

S. intermedium
F. nucleatum
E. corrodens
P. micros

21
Q

Bacteria associated with Localized Aggressive Periodontitis (LAP):

A

A.a
P. intermedia
P. gingivalis

22
Q

Bacteria associated with Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis:

A

P. intermedia

intermediate sized Spirochetes

23
Q

What bacteria are associated with Refractory Disease:

A

T. forythia
P. gingivalis
P intermedia
C. recta

24
Q

What bacteria are associated with chronic periodontitis?

A 
P. gingivalis
P. intermedia
F. nucleatum
A.a.
C. recta
T. forsythia
Treonema spp.
E. corrodens
25
Q

HIV associated gingivitis:

A 
Candida albicans
P. gingivalis
P. intermedia
F. necleatum
A.a.
C. recta
26
Q

What are the characteristics of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.)

A
  • small, non-motile
  • gram negative
  • facultative anaerobe
  • saccharolytic
  • coccobacillus
  • small convew colonies with a “star shaped” center
27
Q

What is A.a. commonly associated with?

A

-aggressive periodontitis

28
Q

What is a unique ability of A.a?

A

Has the ability to invade host epithelial cells.

29
Q

What are exotoxins?

A

extracellular substances produced by bacteria which are toxic to certain cells or tissues of the body.

examples: botulinum, tetanus, diphteria

30
Q

What exotoxin does A.a. produce? What does it do?

A

Leukotoxin.

Kills PMNs and monocytes in blood and pocket.

31
Q

What are endotoxins?

A

-

32
Q

What is lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

A

is a virulence factor associated with many gram-negative bugs.

LPS is an integral part of the outer membrane and is released with bacteria dies.

**Causes/promotes tissue damage.

33
Q

What happens with LPS release?

A
  • has cytotoxic effects
  • complement activation
  • bone resorption (direct or indirect)
34
Q

Characteristics of Porphyomonas gingivalis:

A
  • gram negative
  • anaerobic
  • non-motile
  • asaccharolytic
  • rod shaped (bacillus)
  • “black pigmented bacteroides”
  • *invades epithelial cells
  • forms dark brown/black colonies

Periodontics I (3 decks)

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