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Botany lec > LECTURE FINALS > Flashcards

LECTURE FINALS Flashcards

1
Q

Carrots

A

Food storage

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2
Q

Beets

A

FOOD STORAGE

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3
Q

TURNIPS

A

FOOD STORAGE

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4
Q

SWEET POTATOES

A

FOOD STORAGE

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5
Q

YAMS

A

FOOD STORAGE

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6
Q

HEMLOCKS

A

FOOD STORAGE

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7
Q

RADISH

A

FOOD STORAGE

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8
Q

PUMPKIN

A

WATER STORAGE

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9
Q

MANROOTS

A

WATER STORAGE

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10
Q

CALABAZILLA

A

WATER STORAGE

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11
Q

WATERMELON

A

WATER STORAGE

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12
Q

Cherries

A

PROPAGATIVE

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13
Q

Apple

A

Propagative

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14
Q

Pear

A

Propagative

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15
Q

Rice paper

A

Propagative

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16
Q

Tree of heaven

A

Propagative

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17
Q

Weeds

A

Propagative

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18
Q

Canada thistle

A

Propagative

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19
Q

Horseradish

A

Peopagative

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20
Q

Mangrove trees

A

Pneumatophores

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21
Q

Bald cypress

A

Pneumatophores

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22
Q

Orchids

A

Aerial

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23
Q

Ivies

A

Aerial

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24
Q

Corn

A

Aerial

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25
Q

Lily

A

Contractile

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26
Q

Hyacinth

A

Contractile

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27
Q

Fig tree

A

Buttress

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28
Q

Tropicak trees

A

Buttress

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29
Q

Mistletoe

A

Parasitic

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30
Q

Orchids

A

Parasitic

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31
Q

Peanuts

A

Symbiotic

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32
Q

Pea

A

Symbiotic

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33
Q

Beans

A

Symbiotic

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34
Q

Legumes

A

SYMBIOTIC

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35
Q

Layer formed by hypae

A

Ectotrophic

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36
Q

Hypae invades the cell; mantle absent

A

Endotrophic

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37
Q

Primary growth

A

Apical meristem

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38
Q

Secondary growth

A

Lateral Meristem

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39
Q

Lateral meristem include:

A

Vascular cambium & Cork cambium

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40
Q

Vascular cambium produces:

A

Secobdary xylem & secondary phloem

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41
Q

Cork cambium produces:

A

Cork cells (contains suberin) & cork parenchyma (phelloderm)

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42
Q

The cork cambium & the tissues it produces are called

A

Periderm (outer bark)

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43
Q

Lenticels

A

Openings that allow the interior cells to exchange gases w/ the outside atmosphere

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44
Q

Vascular bundles arranged in a circle; distinct pith & cortex

A

Herbaceous DICOT stem

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45
Q

Stele is split into a no. of vascular bundles (D/M Stem)

A

Monocot stems

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46
Q

spaces between the bundles in monocot

A

Interfasicular

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47
Q

Space within the vascular bundle

A

Fasicular Vascular cambium

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48
Q

Lacks vascular cambium and cork cambium; do not produce true botanical woods (DICOT OR MONOCOT

A

Monocot

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49
Q

One year’s growth of xylem

A

Annual ring

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50
Q

Younger wood, lighter in color

A

Sapwood0

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51
Q

Brownish red, center of trunk

A

Heart wood

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52
Q

All tissues outside the cambium

A

Bark

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53
Q

Consisting of primary & secondary phloem

A

Inner

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54
Q

Consisting of cork tissues & cambium

A

Outer bark (periderm)

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55
Q

Resemble vessels, form extensive branched networks of latex-secreting cells

A

Lacticifers

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56
Q

Ginger

A

Rhizomes

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57
Q

Strawberry

A

Runners

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58
Q

Similar to runners;beneath, not hori

A

Stolons

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59
Q

Grapes

A

Stem tendrils

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60
Q

Colocasia

A

Corms

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61
Q

Cactus

A

Cladophylls

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62
Q

Sweet potatoes

A

Tubers

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63
Q

Carrots

A

Food storage

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64
Q

Garlic

A

Bulbs

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65
Q

Lily

A

Bulbs

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66
Q

Onion

A

Bulb

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67
Q

Tulips

A

Turnucate, bulbs

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68
Q

Daffodils

A

Turnicate (papery) bulb

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69
Q

Cover the terminal bud and protect its delicate tip during dormancy

A

Bud scales

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70
Q

Axillary buds develop above the ___

A

Leaf scars

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71
Q

Responsible for the initiation of new leaves and buds

A

SHOOT APICAL MERISTEM (SAM)

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72
Q

All leaves originate as ___

A

Primordia

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73
Q

3 primary meristems

A
  • PROTODERM
  • GROUND MERISTEM
  • PROCAMBIUM
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74
Q

Gives rise to epidermis

A

PROTODERM

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75
Q

Produces water conducting primary xylem and primary phloem cells

A

Procambium

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76
Q

Produces 2 tissues composed of parenchyma cells known as pith & cortex

A

Ground meristem

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77
Q

Functions of pith & cortex

A

Storing food & manufacturing it

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78
Q

5 tissues produced by the apical meristem complex

A

epidermis, primary xylem, primary phloem, pith & cortex

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79
Q

Stem incfeasing in length

A

Primary tissues

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80
Q

Length fo plant

A

Primary growth

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81
Q

Girth Increase

A

Secondary growth& lateral meristem

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82
Q

Nitrogen fixing bacteria

A

Rhizobium bacteria

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83
Q

3 PRIMADY TISSUES OF A CELL

A

Epidermis, cortex & Vascular cylinder

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84
Q

2 reasons why osmosis occurs?

A
  • Higher concentration in the soil than within the epidermal cells
  • Membrane of the epidermal cells is permeable to water
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85
Q

What forms bciz of the 2 conditions in osmosis

A

Osmotic gradient

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86
Q

The flow in osmotic gradient that causes the water to drive through the roots.

A

ROOT PRESSURE

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87
Q

4 MAIN function of stem

A
  • Support
  • Conduction
  • Growth
  • Storage
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88
Q

Bud at the tip of the stem

A

Terminal bud

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89
Q

Bud found in the axil, also termed as lateral bud

A

Axillary bud

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90
Q

A waxy layer in epidermal cells that reduces water loss from exterior walls.

A

CUTIN

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91
Q

leaf’s exposed upper epidermis has a THICKER CUTICLE than the shaded lower epudermis

A

TRIVIA ONLY

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92
Q

Leaf opening in the mesophyll layer, functions for gas exchange

A

STOMATA

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93
Q

Only epidermal cells w/ chloroplast

A

GUARD CELLS

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94
Q

Main site of photosynthesis in the leaf

A

PALISADE MESOPHYLL

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95
Q

Mesophyll layer whose primary function is to allow diffusion of gases

A

Spongy mesophyll

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96
Q

VEINS CONTAIN XYLEM AND PHLOEM

A

trivia

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97
Q

BLADE

A

Lamina

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98
Q

Parallel venation

A

Monocots

99
Q

Net-like/ distinct network of veins (D/M)

A

Dicot

100
Q

EPIDERMIS LACKS CHLOROPLAST

A

TRUE

101
Q

Epidermal cells facing toward the outside enviro

A

Thicker than cell facing in ward

102
Q

large thin walled cells located at the upper epidermis

A

Bulliform cells (fikds inward during drought)

103
Q

3 Function of leafs (PGS)

A

• Photosynthesis
• Gas exchange
• Storage of food

104
Q

Simple leaf

A

Simple blade

105
Q

Compound leaf

A

Divided by leaflets

106
Q

Leaves whose leaflets are attached at the same point at the end of the petiole

A

Palmately compound

107
Q

Leaves whose leaflets are in pairs sa gilid; Extension of petiole = rachis

A

Pinnately compound

108
Q

Arrangement of leaves in a stem

A

Phyllotaxy

109
Q

Plant that have only 1 leaf per node are either

A

Alternate/spiral

110
Q

3 venation patterns

A

Reticulated, parallel, dichotomous

111
Q

Type of venation that are arranged in net-like pattern interconnected like the strands of a net; most common venation pattern for dicot plants.

A

Compound/reticulated

112
Q

Loss of water vapor in aerial plant through stomata openings

A

Transpiration

113
Q

The process of absorbing energy from sunlight and using it to produce food in the form of sugar

A

Photosynthesis

114
Q

Secretion of droplets of water from the pores of a plant called hydathodes

A

Guttation

115
Q

(modified leaves)
- Larger counterpart
- Thinner mesophyll
- No many hair

A

Shade leaves

116
Q

Thick, leathery leaves, fewer stomata

A

Leaved of arid region (cactus)

117
Q

Less xylem, not differentiated mesophyll into palisade and spongy

A

Leaves in aquatic areas

118
Q

Climbing/support weak setm

A

Tendrills

119
Q

Less loss of water; leaf tissues replaced with schlerenchyma

A

Spines

120
Q

Mataba na spine

A

Prickles

121
Q

Mapayat na mahaba na spine

A

Thorns

122
Q

Outgrowths from the epidermis/cortex

A

Spine

123
Q

Succulent leaves; parenchyma cells w/ large vacoules

A

Storage leaves

124
Q

Mass of tightly packed, transparent water storage cells

A

Window leaves

125
Q

Plant with pouches

A

Flower pot leaves

126
Q

Tiny plantlet among leaf margins, walking fern, new leaf at leaf tips

A

Reproductive leaves

127
Q

No petal but brightly colored functionas petals in attracting pollinators (barct)

A

Floral leaves

128
Q

Passive trap; have nectar sectreting glands

A

Pitcher plant (Serracenia)

129
Q

Mechanically/active trap insects; leaves covered with grandular hair

A

Sundews (drosera)

130
Q

Active trap; 2 halves of the blade have the appearance of beaing hati along the midrib

A

Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula)

131
Q

Found in margins of lakes and streams, have finely dissected leaves with tiny bladders

A

Bladderworts (utricularia)

132
Q

Flowers can be used in:

A

Identification of specieb& determination of evolutionary relationships.

133
Q

Female reproductive organ of flower; consisting of ovary, stigma, style.

A

Carpel

134
Q

Male reproductive organ of flower

A

Stamen

135
Q

calyx + corolla

A

Perianth

136
Q

Petals

A

Corolla

137
Q

Sepals

A

Calyx

138
Q

Termed as Gynoecium

A

CARPEL

139
Q

Termed as Androecium

A

STAMEN

140
Q

Collect & receive the pollen

A

Stigma

141
Q

Slender tube that connects stigma to ovary; pathawy of pollen

A

style

142
Q

Contains and protects the ovules

A

Ovary

143
Q

What part develops into fruits?

A

Ovary

144
Q

Structure that contains sperm cell

A

Pollen

145
Q

Where pollen grains develop; found at the top of the filament

A

Anther

146
Q

Supports the anther

A

Filament

147
Q

Contains eggs for fertilization

A

Ovules

148
Q

Outermost whorl; calyx

A

Sepals

149
Q

Inner whorl; corolla

A

Petal

150
Q

Dicot flower

A

Flower parts multiple of 4 and 5

151
Q

Monocot flower

A

Flower parts in multiples of 3

152
Q

Vascular cambium & cork cambium present

A

Dicot

153
Q

Vasxular cambium and cork cambium absent

A

Monocot

154
Q

Vascular bundles of stem in ring

A

Dicot

155
Q

Vascular bundles of stem is scattered

A

Monocot

156
Q

Pollen grains with 3 apertyres

A

Dicot

157
Q

Pollen grains with 1 apeerures

A

Monocot

158
Q

Simple pistil

A

unicarpellate

159
Q

Compound pistil

A

Syncarpous

160
Q

Un-united pistil

A

Apocarpous

161
Q

Complete flower

A

Having petals, sepal, pistil, stamens

162
Q

If a flower lacking one or more of these whorls

A

Inc

163
Q

Movement of pollen from the anthers to the stigma

A

Pollination

164
Q

Group/cluster of flowers

A

Inflorescence

165
Q

Reproductive portion of a flower that bears a cluster of flowera

A

Inflorescence

166
Q

Shrinkage of cytoplasm as a result of osmosis

A

Plasmosis

167
Q

Part where ovule was attached to ovary wall

A

Hilum

168
Q

Next to the hilum; pore where water is absorbed

A

Micropyle

169
Q

Where cotyledon si attached

A

Embeyo

170
Q

Short part of the stem above the cotyledon ABOVE- E

A

Epicotyl

171
Q

Below the attachment

A

Hypocotyl

172
Q

Tip that will develop into root

A

Radicle

173
Q

Growth while seeds/ flowers are there; phenomenon of giving birth to young organism in advanced stage of development; occurs in mammals and mangrove plants

A

VIVIPARY

174
Q

1 pistil, same flower

A

Simple fruit

175
Q

More than 1 pistil, same flower

A

Aggregate

176
Q

Inflorescence (madami/more than 1 pistil), diff. flower

A

Multiple fruits

177
Q

Movement of molecule/ion from higher to lower concentration ( slide)

A

Diffusion

178
Q

Molecules that are moving along the region of higher to lower concentration (hagdan)

A

Diffusion gradient

179
Q

Semi-permeable

A

Diffuses at diff. rates

180
Q

Diffusion of matter through a semi permeable membrane from a more concentrated region to low concentrated region

A

OSMOSIS

181
Q

water absroption; Attraction & adhesion of water to internal; results in swelling first step

A

Imbibition

182
Q

Water rises bcoz of.. (cohesion-tension theory)

A

Adhesion of water, cohesion & tension created by tranpiration

183
Q

POLLINATION — FERTILIZATION (FUSION)— CREATION OF ZYGOTE

A

TRIVIA

184
Q

Vegatative part of a plant include

A

roots, stems, shoot buds and leaves.

185
Q

Reproductive part produces

A

Seeds

186
Q

SEEDS contain the

A

Genetic information to produce new plant

187
Q

Have no flowers & fruits and have unconclosed or “naked” seeds on the surface of a leaf

A

Gymnosperms

188
Q

There is only one outer layering of the seed coat (Divot or monocot)

A

Monocot

189
Q

The seed coat is membranous and generally fused with the fruit wall (D or M seed)

A

MONOCOT

190
Q

The endosperm is bulky & stores food (D/M)

A

M seed

191
Q

The outer covering of endosperm seperates the embryo by a proteinous layer called

A

Aleurone layer

192
Q

This is one large shield-shaped cotyledon (M have this)

A

Scutellum

193
Q

The embryo is small and situated in a groove at one end of the endosperm

A

Embryo; M

194
Q

Plumule & raducle are the 2 ends

A

M; embryonal axis

195
Q

What do u call the 2 layers of dicot seed coat

A

Outer testa & inner tegmen

196
Q

Consist of embryonal axis & 2 cotyledon

A

Embryo

197
Q

Seed leaf; fleshy & full of reserve food material

A

Cotyledons

198
Q

Part of fruit containing the various covering of the fruit and the seed

A

Pericarp

199
Q

Part of fruit formed from the outer layer of the epidermis

A

Exocarp

200
Q

A fruit developed solely from the ovary and its content

A

True fruit

201
Q

A fruit developed from the ovary and its content + receptacle, petals & sepals

A

Accesory fruit

202
Q

Apple (True or accesory)

A

Accessory

203
Q

Pinepapple (T/A)

A

A

204
Q

Strawberry (T/A)

A
205
Q

Beans

A

Simple, dehiscent, dry, legume

206
Q

Pea

A

Simple, dry, dehiscent, legume

207
Q

Columbine

A

Simple, DD, Follicle

208
Q

Eucalyptus

A

Simple, DD, Capsule

209
Q

Cotton

A

Simple, DD, Capsule

210
Q

Horse chestnut

A

Simple, DD, capsule

211
Q

Jimson

A

Simple dd, Capsule

212
Q

Mustad

A

Simple, DD, silique

213
Q

Indehiscent

A

Does not open its seed when mature

214
Q

Dandelion

A

Simple, ID, Achene, Contractile, FOOD storage

215
Q

Sunflower

A

Simple, Achene, ID

216
Q

Chestnut

A

Simple, ID, Nut

217
Q

Hazel

A

Simple, Id, nut

218
Q

Maple

A

Simple, ID, Samara

219
Q

Wheat

A

Simple, ID, Grain

220
Q

Corn

A

Simple, ID, grain, Aerial

221
Q

Mallow

A

Simple, ID, Schizocarp

222
Q

Carrot

A

Simple, ID, schizocarp

223
Q

Dill

A

Simple, ID schizocarp

224
Q

Cherry

A

Simple, drupe

225
Q

Coconut

A

Simple, drupe

226
Q

Coconut

A

Drupe

227
Q

Walnut

A

Drupe

228
Q

Grape

A

Berry

229
Q

Banana

A

berry

230
Q

Lemon

A

Beery, hespiridium

231
Q

Watermelon (type of fruit)

A

Berry, pepo

232
Q

Squash

A

Berry, pepo

233
Q

Apple, pear, mounrain ash

A

Pome, fleshy

234
Q

Rasberry, strawberrt

A

Aggregate

235
Q

Mulberrt, fig

A

Multiple fruit

236
Q

3 basic parts of seed

A

Embryo, endosperm, seed coat

237
Q

Process by which a dormant seed begins to sprout & grow into a seedling under the right growing condition

A

Germination

238
Q

Artificially cracking the seedcoat to break dormancy

A

Scarification

239
Q

3 parts of Germination process

A
  1. Hydration/imbibition
  2. Breaking dormancy
  3. Enzyme activation
240
Q

5 Germination process

A
  1. Imbibition
  2. Respiration
  3. Effect of light on seed germination
  4. Mobilization of reserves during germination & role of growth regulators
  5. Development of embryo axis into seedling
241
Q

2 Internal factors affecting seed germination

A

Maturity of embryo, presence/ absence of chemical inhibitors

242
Q

3 External factors affecting seed germination

A

Oxygen, water, temperature

243
Q

The general process by which organisms oxidize organic molecules (sugar) and deruve energy (ATP) from the molecular bonds that are broken

A

Respiration

Botany lec (6 decks)

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