Lecture final (upper body) Flashcards
what does the dorsal scapular nerve innervate
rhombois
what does the long thoracic nerve innervate
serratus anterior
what does the suprascapular nerve innervate
supraspinatus and infraspinatus
what does the subclavian nerve innervate
subclavius
what does the lateral and medial pectoral innervate
pectoralis major and pectoralis minor
what does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate
anterior compartement of arm
-coracobraciallis, biceps brachii, and brachialis
what does the median nerve innervate
anterior forearm compartement
-excpet for flexor carpi ulnaris, and ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus
what does the ulnar nerve innertave
intrinsic muscles of hand and
-flexor carpi ulnaris
-ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus
what does the upper subscapular nerve innervate
superior portion of subscapularis
what does the lower suprascapular nerve innervate
inferior portion of subscapularis
teres major
what does the thoracodorsal nerve innervate
latissimus dorsi
what does the axillary nerve innervate
teres minor
deltoid muscles
what does the radial nerve innervate
posterior compartements of arm and forearm
the arm extends from where to where
shoulders to elbow
what are the 4 types of movement that occur between the arm and the forearm at the elbow joint
flexion-extention
pronation-supination
what main movement do the anterior and posterior muscles produce
a: flexor
p: extensor
what are the 3 flexors of the arm and what compartement are they found in
anterior
-biceps brachii
-brachialis
-coracobrachilias
what is the extensor of the arm and what compartement is it found in
triceps brachii
posterior
what broad band passes from the greater tubercle from lesser to the greater tubercle of the humerus
transverse humerus ligament
where does the transverse humerus ligament pass over what
from the lesser to the greater tubercle of the humerus
what does the transverse humerus ligament converts what structure into what other structure
the tubercular groove into a canal for the tendon of the long head of the biceps
what is the small triangular muscle on the psoterior aspect of the elbow and what does it cover
anconeus
-covers the posterior aspect of the ulna proximally
when the elbow is extended, what is the main movement of the biceps
flexion
-when elbow flexion approaches 90 degrees and more power is needed
when is the biceps the most powerful supinator of the forearm
when the elbow flexion is near 90 degrees and more power is needed
what type of muscle is the brachialis and where does it lie to the biceps
flattened fusiform
-deep
what does a fusiform muscle look like
spindle shaped
-wide in middle and tappers near ends
what muscle is the only pure elbow flexor
brachialis
what arm muscle is a useful landmark for locating other structures
coracobrachialis
what type of muscle is the triceps bracii
large fusiform
what muscle is the chief extensor of the elbow
triceps brachii
what muscle assists the triceps in extending the elbow
anconeus
what muscle may abduct the ulna during pronation
anconeus
proximal and distal attachments of the biceps brachii
PROXIMAL
short head: coracoid process
long head: supraglenoid tubercle
DISTAL
-tuberosity of radius
-fascia of forearm
what are the 3 actions of the biceps brachii
- supinates forearm
- when supinated, flexes elbow joint
- short head resists dislocation of shoulder
proximal and distal attachments of brachialis
PROXIMAL
-distal half of anterior surface of humerus
DISTAL
-coronoid process
-tuberosity of ulna
action of brachialis
flexes elbow joint in all positions
distal and proximal attachments of coracobrachialis
PROXIMAL
-coracoid process
DISTAL
-medial surface of humerus
what are the 3 actions of the coracobrachialis
- resists shoulder dislocation
helps - flex shoulder
- adduct shoulder
proximal and distal attachments of triceps brachii
PROXIMAL
-long head: infraglenoid tubercle
-lateral head: posterior surface of humerus (superior to radial groove)
-medial head: posterior surface of humerus (inferior to radial groove)
DISTAL
-proximal posterior end of olecranon of ulna
-fascia of forearm
what are the 3 actions of the triceps brachii
- chief extensor of the elbow
- long head extends shoulder
- resists dislocation of humerus (especially during abduction)
proximal and distal attachments of anconeus
PROXIMAL
-lateral epicondyle of humerus
DISTAL
-olecranon
-posterior surface of ulna
what are the 3 actions of the anconeus
- assists triceps in extending elbow
- stabilizes elbow joint
- abducts ulna during pronation
what and where is the cubital fossa
-shallow triangular depression
-anterior surface of elbow
what are the boundaries of the cubital fossa, superiorly, medially, laterally, floor, and roof
superiorly
-imaginary line connecting the medial and lateral epicondyles
medially
-pronator teres
laterally
-brachioradialis
floor
-brachialis
-supinator
roof
-brachial and antebrachial fascia
-bicipital aponeurosis
-subcutaneous tissue
-skin
superior border of the cubital fossa
imaginary line connecting medial and lateral epicondyle of humerus
medial border of cubital fossa
pronator teres
lateral border of cubital fossa
brachioradialis
floor of cubital fossa
brachialis and supinator mucscle
roof of cubital fossa
brachial and antebrachial fascia
-bicipital aponeurosis
-subcutaneous tissue
-skin
what are 3 contents in the cubital fossa
-biceps brachii tendon
-median nerve
-radial nerve (dividing into superficial and deep branches)
what is the role of forearm movement
assist shoudler in application of force and in controlling the placement of the hand in space
what compartement of forearm are flexors and pronators found in and are innvervated mainly by what
anterior
median nerve
the extensors and supinators of the forearm are found in what compartment and are all innervated by what
posterior
radial nerve
what 4 muscles are all attached proximally by a common flexor tendon to the medial condyle of the humerus, the common flexor origin
-pronator teres
-flexor carpi radialis
-palmaris longus
-flexor carpi ulnaris
(superficial layer)
the superficial and intermediate muscles of the forearm all cross what joint
elbow joint
proximal and distal attachments of pronator teres
PROXIMAL
ulnar head
-coronoid process of ulna
humeral head
-medial epicondyle of humerus
DISTAL
-lateral surface of radius
innvervation of pronator teres
medial nerve
what are the 2 actions of the anterior forearm
- pronates forearm
- flexes elbow
proximal and distal attachments of flexor carpi radialis
PROXIMAL
-medial epicondyle of humerus
DISTAL
-base of 2nd metacarpal
innervation of flexor carpi radialis
median nerve
2 actions of flexor carpi radialis
flexes and abducts hand
proximal and distal acttachments of palmaris longus
PROXIMAL
-medial epicondyle of humerus
DISTAL
-flexor retinaculum
-palmar aponeurosis
innervation of palmaris longus
median nerve
2 actions of palmaris longus
-flexes hand
-tenses palmar aponeurosis
proximal and distal attchments of flexor carpi ulnaris
PROXIMAL
humeral head
-medial epicondyle of humerus
ulnar head
-olecranon
-posterior border of ulna
DISTAL
-pisiform
-hamate
-5th metacarpal
innervation of flexor carpi ulnaris
ulanr nerve
2 actions of flexor carpi ulnaris
flexes and adducts hand
innervation of biceps brachii
musculocutaneous nerve
innervation of brachialis
musuclocutaneous nerve
innervation of coracobrachialis
musculocutaneous nerve
innvervation of triceps brachii
radial nerve
innvervation of anconeus
radial nerve
proximal and distal attachments of flexor digitorum superficialis
PROXIMAL
humeroulnar head:
-medial epicondyle of humerus
-coronoid process of ulna
radial head:
-oblique line of radius
DISTAL
-shafts of middle phalanges 2-5
innervation of flexor digitorum superficialis
median nerve
what are the 3 actions of the flexor digitorum superficialis
- flexes carpometacarpal joints
- flexes proximal interphalangeal joints
- flexes primal phalanges at metacarpophalngeal joints
proximal and distal attachment of flexor digitorum profundus
PROXIMAL
-medial and anterior surface of ulna and interosseous membrane
DISTAL
-bases of distal phalanges 2-5
innervation of flexor digitorum profundus
lateral part(digits 2-3): median nerve
median part(4-5): ulnar nerve
what are the 3 actions of flexor digitorum profundus
- flexes carpometacarpal joints
- flexes distal interphalangeal joints 2-5
- assist in wrist flexion
proximal and distal attachments of flexor pollicis longus
PROXIMAL
-anterior surface of radius
-adjacent interosseous memrbane
DISTAL
-base of distal phalanx of thumb
innervation of flexor pollicis longus
-anterior interosseous nerve (from median nerve)
attachments of pronator quadratus
PROXIMAL
-distal end of the anterior surface of ulna
-distal end of anterior surface of radius
innervation of pronator quadratus
anterior interosseous nerve
2 actions of pronator quadratus
-pronates forearm
-deep fibers bind radius and ulna togther
what compartement of the forearm are the extensor muscles in and what are they all innervated by
posterior
radial nerve
what are the 3 muscles that extend and abduct or adduct the hand at the wrist
-extensor carpi radialis longus
-extensor carpi radialis brevis
-extensor capri ulnaris
what 3 muscle extendsat least one digit from digits 2-5
-extensor digitorum
-extensor indicis
-extensor digiti minimi
what 3 muscles extend and abuduct or adduct the thumb
-extensor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis longus
what are the 6 superficial extensor muscles of the forearm
-extensor digitorum
-extensor digiti minimi
-extensor carpi radialis brevis
-extensor carpi ulnaris
-extensor carpi radialis longus
-brachioradialis
the superficial extensor muscles are attached proximally by what tendon and to where. name the muscles that attach to each spot
COMMON EXTENSOR TENDON
attach to lateral epicondyle of the humerus
-extensor carpi radialis brevis
-extensor digitorum
-extensor digiti minimi
-extensor carpi ulnaris
attach to lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and adjacent lateral intermuscular septum
-brachioradialis
-extensor carpi radialis longus
what muscles is the “beer drinking” muscle
brachioradialis
attachments of the brachioradilias
PROXIMAL
-lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
DISTAL
-lateral surface of the distal end of the radius
the distal attachement of the brachioradialis is proximal to what process
styloid process of the radius
innervation of the brachioradialis
radial nerve
action of the brachioradialis and when is this action maximal
weak flexion of the elbow
-maximal when the forearm is in midpronated position
attachment of the extensor carpi radialus longus
PROXIMAl
-lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus
DISTAL
-dorsal aspect of the base of 2nd metacarpal
innervation of the extensor capri radialis
radial
what are the 3 actions of the extensor carpi radilais longus
-extends and abducts wrist joint
-extends carpometacarpal joints
attachment of the extensor carpi radialis brevis
PROXIMAL
-lateral epicondyle of the humerus
DISTAL
-dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal
innervation of extensor carpi radialis brevis
radial nerve
4 actions of the extensor carpi radialis brevis
-extends and abducts wrist
-extends carpometacarpal joints
-active during fist clenching
attachments of extensor digitorum
PROXIMAL
-lateral epicondyle of the humerus
DISTAL
-extensor expansion of digits 2-5
innervation of extensor digitorum
posterior interosseous nerve
what are the 3 actions of the extensor digitorum
-extends wrist
-extends carpometacarpal joints
-extends digits 2-5
the extensor digitorum extends the digits 2-5 at what joint
primarily: metacarpophalangeal joints
secondarily: interphalangeal
attachments of the extensor digiti minimi
PROXIMAL
-lateral epicondyle of the humerus
DISTAL
-extensor expansion of 5th digit
innervation of extensor digiti minimi
posterior interosseous nerve
what are the 3 actions of the extensor digiti minimi
-extends wrist
-extends carpometacarpal joints
-extends 5ht digit
extensor digiti minimi extends the 5th digit at what joint
primarily: metacarpophalangeal
secondarily: interphalangeal
attachments of extensor carpi ulnaris
PROXIMAL
-lateral epicondyle of humerus
-posterior border of ulna (via shared aponeurosis)
DISTAL
-dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacaparln
innervation of extensor capri ulnarisq
posterior interosseous nerve
what are the 3 actions of the extensor carpi ulnaris
-extends and adducts wrist and carpometacarpal joints
-active during fist clenchind
what 2 extensor muscles are active during fist clenching
extensor carpi radialis brevis and ulnaris
attachmetns of supinator
PROXIMAL
-lateral epicondyle of humerus
-radial collateral ligament
-anular ligament of radius
-supinator fossa
-crest of ulna
DISTAL
-later, posterior and anterior surfaces of proximal radius
innervation of supinator
radial nerve
2 actions of supinator
-supinates arm
-rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly or superiorly (if elbow is flexed)
attachments of abductor pollicis longus
PROXIMAL
-posterior surface of proximal ulna, radius and interosseous membrane
DISTAL
-base of 1st metacarpal
innervation of abductor pollicis longus
posterior interosseous nerve
what are the 5 actions of the abductor pollicis longus
-extends wrist
-extends carpometacarpal joints
-abducts thumb
-extends thumb at carpometacarpal joints
attachment of extensor pollicis longus
PROXIMAL
-posterior surface of middle ulna and interosseous membrane
DISTAL
-dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb
innervation of extensor pollicis longus
posterior interosseous nerve
what are the 3 actions of the extensor pollicis longus
-extends wrist
-extends carpometacarpal joints
-extends distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal joint
attachments of extensor pollicis brevis
PROXIMAL
-posterior surface of distal radius and interosseous membrane
DISTAL
-dorsal aspecct of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
what are the 3 actions of the extensor pollicis brevis
-extends writs
-extends carpometacarpal joitnts
-extends proximal phalanx of thumb at metcarpophalangeal joints
innercation of extensor pollicis brevis
posterior interosseous nerve
attachments of extensor indicis
PROXIMAL
-posterior surface of distal ulna and interosseous membrane
DISTAL
-extensor expansion of 2nd digit
innervation of extensor indicis
posterior interosseous nerve
what are the actions of the extensor indicis
-extends wrist
-extends 2nd digit
what tendons bound the anatomical snuff box laterally and medially
laterlly
-abductor pollicis longus
-extensor pollicis brevis
medially
-extensor pollicis longus
where and when is the anatomical snuff box visibel and how is this caused
lateral aspect of wrist when thumb is extended fully
-this draws the abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis and longus tendons up, producing a concavity between them
what lies on the floor of the anatomical snuff box
radial artery
what can be palpated proximally and distally from the anatomical snuff box
proximal
-radial styloid process
distal
-base of 1st metacarpal
what can be felt in the floor of the anatomical snuff box and they between what 2 structures
-scaphoid and trapezium
-between radial styloid process and 1st metacarpal
how did the lumbricals get this name
because of their worm like appearance
what thenar muscle opposes
opponens pollicis
what is the main action of the 4 dorsal interossei
abduct the digits 2-5 at the metacarpophalangeal joints
what is the main action of the 3 palmar interossei
adduct digits 2, 4, 5 at the metcarpophalangeal joints
acting together, the interossei muscles of the hand do what and why does this occur
flexion at the metcarpophalangeal joints and extension of ht einterphalangeal joints
-their attachment to the lateral bands of the extensor expansions
attachments of opponens pollicis
PROXIMAL
-flexor retinaculum
-tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
DISTAL
-lateral side of 1st metacarpal
innervation of opponens pollicis
median nerveq
action of opponens pollicis
oppose thumv
attahcments of adbudcot pollicis brevis
PROXIMAL
-flexor retinaculum
-tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
DISTAL
-lateral side of base of proximal phalanx
innervation of abductor pollicis brevis
medial nerve
action of abductor pollicis brevis
abducts thumb
-helps to opose it
attahcment of flexor pollicis brevis
PROXIMAL
-flexor retinaculum
-tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium
DISTAL
-lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
innervation of flexor pollicis brevis
median nerve
action of flexor pollicis brevis
flexes thumb
attachents of adductor pollicis
PROXIMAL
oblqique head
-bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
-capitate
transverse head
-anterior surface of shaft of 3rd metacarpal
DISTAL
-medial side of base proximal phalanx of thumbq
innervation of adductor pollicis
oblique head: medial nerve
transverse head: ulnar nerve
action of adductor pollicis
adduct thumb
attachment of abductor digiti minimi
PROXIMAL
-pisiform
DISTAL
-medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
innervation of abductor digiti minimi
ulnar
2 actions of abductor digit minimi
-abducts 5th digit
-assists in flexion of its proximal phalanx
attachments of flexor digiti minimi brevis
PROXIMAl
-hook of hamate
-flexor retinaculum
DISTAL
-medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit
innervation of flexor digiti minimi
ulnar nerve
action of flexor digiti minimi
flexes proximal phalanx of 5th finger
attachments of OPPONENS digiti minimi
PROXIMAL
-hook of hamate
-flexor retinaculum
DISTAL
-medial border of 5th metacarpal
innervation of opponens digiti minimi
ulnar nerve
action of opponens digiti minimi
opposes 5th finger
attachment of lumbricals 1 and 2
PROXIMAL
-lateral 2 tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
DISTAL
-lateral sides of extensor expansions of digits 2-5`
muscle shape of lumbricals 1 and 2
unipennate
innervation of lumbricals 1 and 2
medial nerve
attachment of lumbricals 3 and 4
PROXIMAL
-medial 3 tendons of extensor digitorum profundus
DISTAL
-lateral sides of extensor expansions of digits 2-5
innervation of lumbricals 3 and 4
ulnar nerve
attachemnt of dorsl interossei
PROXIMAL
-adjacent sides of 2 metacarpals
DISTAL
-bases of proximal phalanges
-extensor expansions of digits 2-5
innervation of dorsal interossei
ulnar nerve
2 actions of lumbricals
-flex metacarpophalangeal joints
-extrend interphalangeal joints of digits 2-5
attachement of palmar interossei
PROXIMAL
-palmar surfaces of digits 2, 4, and 5
DISTAL
-bases of proximal phalanges
-extensor expansions of digits 2, 4, and 5in
innervation of palmar interossei
ulnar nerve
muscle shape of dorsal interossei
bipennate
muscle shape of palmar interossei
unipennte
what is the ulnar nerve reffered to as and why
nerve of fine movements
-it innervates muscles that are concerned with intricate hand movementrs
what type of joint is the wrist
condyloid synovial joint
where are the articulations of the radiocarpal joitn
distal end of radius adn articular disc with proximal row of carpal bones (except pisiofrm)
what does the fibrous layer of the radiocarpals joitn capsule do
-surrounds joint
-attaches to distal ends of radius, ulna and proximal row of carpal bones
synovial joints are internally lined by what
synovial memrbane
5 movements of radiocarpal joint
flexion
extension
abduction
adduction
circumduction
what type of joint are the carpal joitns
plane synovial joint
what are the 4 different articulations of carpal joints
-between proximal row
-bertween distal row
-midacarpal: netween proximal and distal rows
-pisiform: between pisiform and triquetrum
what does the firbous layer of the carpal joints do
surrounds the joints
what ligaments of the hand strengthen the radiocarpal joint
anterior and psoterior ligaments
in the wrist joint, what ligament attaches to the styloid procces of ulna and triquetrum
ulnar collateral ligament
in the wrist joint, what ligament attaches to the sstyloid process of the radius and scaphoid
radial collaterla ligament
in the intercarpal joints, what ligaments unite the carpal boens
posterior, anterior and interosseous ligaments of the hand
what are the 3 actions allowed at the intercarapal joints
-samall amount of gliding movement
-flexion and abduction of hand at midcarpal joints
what type of joint are the carpometacarpal and intermetacarpal joints
plane synovial joint
-except for CMC of 1st digit (sadle-shaped synovial joint)
what are the articulations of the carpometacarpal joints
-carpals and metacarpals with each other
-joint of thumb between trapezium and base of 1st metacarpal
what does the firbous layer do in carpometacarpal joints
surrounds the joint
in carpometacarpal, the bones are united by what ligaments of the hand
posterior, anterior, and interosseous
what are the 4 movements permitted at the CMC joint of the 1st digit
flexion
extension
adduction
abduction
what movement is permitted at the 2nd and 3rd digit at the CMC joint
almost no movment
what movement is permitted at the CMC joint of the 4th digit
slightly mobile
what movement is permitted at the CMC joint fo the 5th digit
very mobile
what 2 structures limit flexion of the wrist and carpal joints
-posterior radiaocarpal ligament
-posterior part of joint capsule
what 3 structures limit extension of the wrist and carpal joints
-anterior radiocarpal ligament
-anterior part of joint capsule
-bony apposition between radius and carpal bones
what 3 structures limit abduction at the wrist and carpal joints
-ulnar collateral ligament
-medial part of joint capsule
-bony appostion between styloid process of radisu and scaphoidt
what 2 structures limit adduction of the wrist and carpal joints
-radial collateral ligament
-lateral aprt of joint capsule
what structure is found between the distal radioulnar joint and wrist joint
an articular disc
what is the name of the joint between the pisisfor and triquetrum
pisotriquetral joint
what type of jion are metacarpophalangeal joints
condyloid synovial joints
what are the articulations of metacarpophalangeal joints
heads of metacarpals with base of proximal phalanges
in metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal jionts, what ligament is attached to to each individual joint
strong palmar ligaments
in metacarpophalangeal joins what does the deep transverse metacarpal ligaments do
unite joints MCP joints of digits 2-5 by holding heads of metacaprlas togehterq
what are 5 actions of the metacarpophalangeal joints at digits 2-5
extension
flexion
adduction
abduction
circumduction
what are the 4 actions at the metacarpal joint of the first digit
flexion
extension
adduction and abduction is limitied
what type of joint are interphalangeal joints
hinge synovial joint
what are teh articulations of interphalangeal joints
heads of phalangrs with bases of more distally located phalanges
in metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints, what does the firbous layer of the joint capsule do
encloses each joint
what are the 2 actions at interphalangeal joitns
flexion and extension
what is dr passmores favourite bone
hyoid bone
what bone helps to keep airway open and name its other function
hyoid bone
-anterior neck muscle attachement
what does the hyoid bone articulate with
no other bone or jointt
-stylohyoid ligament attaches it to the mandible and inferior it is attached to thyroid cartilage
what structure connects the horns of the hyoid bone
fibrocartilage
proximal attachement of the platysma
-inferior border of mandible
-skin
-subcutaneous tissues of lower faceal
distal attachemnt sof platysma
-fascia covering superior parts of pectoralis major and deltoid muscles
innervation of platysma
cervical branch of facial nerve
-CN VII
what are the 2 actions of platysma
-draws corner of mouth inferiorly and widens it (expressions of sadness and fright)
-draws skin of neck superiorly when teeth are clenched (indicating tension)
proximal attachment of sternocleidomastoid
-lateral surface of mastoid process of temporal bone
-lateral half of superior nuchal line
distal attachement of sternocleidomastoid
sternal head
-anterior surface of manubrium
clavicular head
-superior surface of medial third of clavicle
innervation of sternocleidomastoid
spinal accessory nerve
-CN XI
action of uniilateral contraction of sternocleidomastoid
-tilts head to same side (laterally flexes neck)
-rotates head so face is turned superiorly toward opposite side
action of bilateral contraction of sternocleidomastoid
-extends neck at atlantooccipital joints
-flexes cervical vertebrae so that chin approaches manubrium
-extends superior cervical vertebrae while flexing inferior vertebrae so chin is thrust forward with head kept level
does the spinal accesory nerve pass deep or superficially to the sternocleidomastoid
deep
what muscle is often removed in skin disection
platysma
what is the frowning muscle
platysma
attachments of longus colli
PROXIMAL
-anterior tubercles of C1
-bodies of C1-C3
-TP of C3-C6
DISTAL
-bodies of C5-T3
-TP of C3-C5
innervation of longus colli
anterior rami of C2-C6
main action of longus colli
-flexes neck (anter or lateral bending of cervical vertebrae C2-C7)
muscle with the proximal attachemnt of the basilar part of occipatal bone
longus capitis
msucle with distal attachment of anterior tubervles of C3-c6 transverse processes
longus capitisner
innervation of longus capitis
anterior rami fo C1-C3
main action of longus capitis
flexion of head on neack
attachments of rectus capitis anterior
PROXIMAL
-base of cranium (just anterior to occipital condyle)
DISTAL
-anterior surface of atlas
innervation of rectus capitis anterior
branches from loop between C1 and C2 spinal nerves
actions of rectus capitis anterior
flexes head on neck (anterior or lateral bending)
attachments of anterior scalene
PROXIMAL
-anterior tubecles of TP of c3-c6
DISTAL
-1st rib
innervation of anterior scalene
cervical spinal nerves c4-c6
3 actions of anterior scalene
-forced inspiration
-elevates 1st rib
-laterllay flexes head
what passes through the mental foramen of the mandible
nerves
vomer rhymes with what famous cartoon character
homer simpson
what is the name of the tip of the bony part of chin
mental protuberance
what bony part of the skull hurts when you push on it
styloid process of temporal bone
whats the name of the junction between the coronoal and saggital suture
bregma
whats the name of the junction between the sagittal and labdoid suture
lambda
what articulates with the mandibular fossa
head of mandible
what travels through the jugular foramen of the skull
blood vessels
what part of the skull articulates with C1 and creates the atlantoocciptal joint
occipital condyle
what passes through the foramen magnum
spinal cord
what bony process do yoju feel when put tongue behind teeth
palatine process of maxilla
the pointy part of the inferior view of hte sphoind bone is called what
pterygoid process
in the superior view internal surface of the greater base, the shpenoid bone is split into what 2 parts
-greater wing
-lesser wing
the ear whole on the inside of the skull is called what
internal acoustic meatus
what part of the internal skull holds the cerebellum
cerebellar fossa
what is the purpose of the orbits
contain and protect the eyeballs and their muscles, nerves and vessels
all space in the orbits not occupied by structure is willed with what
orbital fat
what are the 2 opening in the skull in the back of the eye called
superior orbitual fissure
inferior orbital fissure
how to tell if the orbit is right or left
lacrimal bone will always be on the medial side
what anterior medial bone is not in the orbit
nasal bone
proximal (origin) attachement of superior oblique
body of sphenoid
distal attachemnet of superior oblique
tendon passes through tochlea to insert into slcerain
innervation of superior obliqeu
trochlear nerve
-CN IV
what are the 3 actions of the superior oblique
-intorsion
-depression (primarily in adducted position)
-abduction
of eyelball
proximal attachement of inerior oblique
anterior part of floor of orbit
ditsal attachment of inferior oblique
sclera deep to rectus miuscles
3 actions of inferior oblique
-extorsion
-elevation (primarily in adducted position)
-abduction
of eyeball
innervation of inferior oblique
oculomotor nerve
-CN III
what are the 4 rectus muscles of the eye
superior, inferior, medial, and lateral rectus
proximal attachemnet of the eyeball rectus muscles
common tendinous ring
distal attachmnet of the rectus eyeball muscles
sclera just posterior to corneoscleral junction
innervation of superior rectus
oculomotor enrve
-CN III
innervation of inferior rectus
oculomotor nerve
-CN III
innervatino of medial rectus
oculomotor nerve
-CN III
innervation of lateral rectus
abducent nerve
-CN V1
what cranial nerve moves eyebal laterally/abduction
abducent nerve
-CN V1
what is the sclera
white part of eyeball
3 actions of superior rectus
-elevation
-adduction
-intorsion
of eyeball
3 actions of inferior rectus
-depression
-adduction
-extorsion
of eyeball
action of medial rectus
adduction of eyeball
action of laterla rectus
abduction of eyeball
what are teh 3 cranical nerves that move th eeyball
-trochlear nerve (CN IV)
-oculomotor nerve (CN III)
-abducent nerve (CNVI)
the obliqeu muscles of the eye lie where to the rectus muscles
deep
what is extorsion of th eyeball
external rotation
what is intorsion of the eyball
internal rotation
temporalis attachment
PROXIMAL
-broach attachment to floor of temporal fossa and deep surface of temporalis fascia
DISTAL
-narrow attachment to tip and medial surface of coronoid process and anterior border of ramus of mandible
temproalis innervation
anterior trunk of mandibular nerve
-cn v
-via deep temporal nerve
what are the 2 actions fo the temporalis
-elevated mandible, which closes jaw
-retract mandible (posterior, more horizontal fibers)
attachment of masseter
PROXIMAL
-inferior border and medial surface of maxillary process of sygomatic bone and zygomatic arch
DISTAL
-angle and lateral surface of ramus of mandible
innervation o fmasseter
anterior trunk of mandibular nerve - CN V
-via masseteric nreve
2 actions of masster
-elevates mandible
-limited protrusion of mandible (superficial fibers)
attachment of lateral pterygoid
PROXIMAL
-infratemporal surface and crest of greater wing of sphenoid
-lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
DISTAL
superior head
-joint capsule and articular disc of temporomandibular joint
inferior head
-pterygoid fovea on anteromedial aspect of neck of condyloid process of mandible
innervation of lateral pterygoid
anterior trunk of mandibular nerve CN V
-via nerve to lateral pterygoid
2 actions of lateral pterygoid when acting bilarterally
-protracts mandible
-depresses chin
2 unilateral actions of lateral pterygoid
-swings jaw toward contralateral side
-alternate unilateral contractions produces larger lateral chewing movements
attachements of medial pterygoid
PROXIMAL
-medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate and palatine bone
-tuberosity of maxilla
DISTAL
-medial surface of ramus, inferior to mandibular foramen
what muscle is a mirror image of the ipsilateral masster
medial pterygoid
innervation of medial pterygoid
anterior trunk of mandibular nerve CN V
-via nerve to medial pterygoid
3 actions of the medial pterygoid
-acts synergistically with masseter to elevate mandible
-contributes ot protrusion
-alternate unilateral activity produces smaller grinding movements
what 2 muscles of the head contribute to chewing
lateral and medial pterygoid
what head muscles is triangular
temproalise
what head muscle is quadrate
masseter
triangular 2 headed what head muscle
lateral pterygoid
what head muscle is quadrangular 2 headed
medial pterygoid
what temporomandibular muscles elevate
temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
what temporomandibular muscles depress
lateral pterygoid
suprahyoid and infrahyoid
what temporomandibular muscles protrusion
lateral pterygoid
masseter
medial pterygoid
what temporomandibular muscles retrusion
temporalis (poterior oblique nad near horizontal fibers)
masseter
what temporomandibular muscles lateral movements
temporalis of same side
pterygoid of opposite side
masseter
name the 3 audiory ossicles in order from lateral to medialand shapes they look lik
malleus (hammer)
incus (anvil)
stapes (stirrups)
whats the name of the outer skin of the ear
auricle
what 2 nerves are found in the ear, attached to cochlea from lateral to medial
Vestibular nerve
Cochlear nerve
both CN VII
what part of the ear is where you can feel puff of air
pharyngotympanic tube
what is the external and middle part of the ear concerned with
transference of sound to the internal eear
what does the internal ear contain
organ for equilibrium as well as for hearing
what seperates the external ear from tehe middle ear
tympanic membrane (ear drum)
what structure joins the middle ear to the nasopharynx
pharyngotympanic tube
what are the 12 cranical nerves
HINT: oh oh oh to touch and feel a girls vagina, ah heavna
-olfactory
-optic
-oculomotor
-trochlear
-trigeminal
-abducens
-facial
-vestibulcochlear
-glossopharynx
-vagus
-accessory
-hypoglossal
name the basic cranial nerve functions of each
HINT: some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter most
-olfactory -s
-optic - s
-oculomotor - m
trochlear - M
trigeminal - b
abducens - m
facial - b
vestibulcochlear - s
glossopharyngeal - b
vagus - b
accessory - 11
hypoglossal - m
what does the trochlear nerve innervate, function and what number
CN IV
motor
-superior oblique muscle of eye
what does the abducent nerve innervate, function and what number
CN VI
motor
-lateral rectus of eye
what does the trigeminal nerve innervate, function and what number
CN V
motor
-muscles of mastication
sensory
-face, sinuses, teeth
what does thhypoglossal nerve innervate, function and what number
CN XII
motor
-all instrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tognue
-excluding palatoglossus ( a palatine muscle)
what does the spinal accessory nerve innervate, function and what number
CN XI
motor
-sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
what does the vagus nerve innervate from its motor root and what number
CN X
-palate
-pharynx
-larynx
-trachea
-bronchial tree
-heart
-GI tract to left flexure
what does the vagus nerve innervate from its sensory root and what number
CN X
-pharynx
-larynx
-reflex sensroy from tracheobronchial tree, lungs, heart, GI tract to left colic flexure
what does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate form its motor root and what number
CN IX
-stylopharyngeus muscke
-parotid gland
what does the glossopharyngeal nerve innervate from sensory root and what number
CN IX
-taste: posterior third of tongue
-general sensation: pharynx, tonsillar sinus, pharyngotympanic tube, middle ear cavity
what does the vestibulocochlear nerve innervate, function and what number
CN VIII
vestibular - sensory
-detects change in orientation and motion
cochlear - sensory
-hearing
what happens if the cochlear nerve is damaged
problems with hearing
what does the facial intermediate nerve innervate, function and what number
CN VII
motor
-submandibular
-sublingual
-lacrimal glands
sensory
-taste to anterior 2 thirds of tongue, soft palate
what does the facial primary root nerve innervate, function and what number
CN VII
motor
-muscles of facial expression
what cranial nerve innervates muscles for facial expression
facial nerve CN VII
primary root
what does the olfactory nerve innervate, function and what number
CN I
sensory
-smell
what does the optic nerve innervate, function and what number
CN II
sensory
-vision
what does the oculomotor nerve innervate, function and what number
CN III
motor
-cillary muscles
-sphincter pupillae
-all extrinsic muscles of eye (except for lateral rectus and superior oblique)
are the cranial nerves part of the central nervous system
no they are part of the peripheral system
how can you test if your hypoglossal nerve is intact
poke tongue to cheek
-cause innervates muscles of tongue
how can you check if spinal accesory nerve is intact
shrug shoulders
-cause innervates sternocleidomastoid and trapzeius muscles
