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Human Anatomy > Lecture Final (8-14) > Flashcards

Lecture Final (8-14) Flashcards

1
Q

which nerve is responsible for smell?

A

olfactory; cranial nerve I

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2
Q

where is the olfactory nerve located?

A

cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

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3
Q

what is the special property of the olfactory nerve?

A

it can regenerate itself every 60 days

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4
Q

what are the 4 types of lingual papillae

A
  1. filiform
  2. foliate
  3. fungiform
  4. circumvallate
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5
Q

no taste buds, gives sense of food texture

A

filiform papillae

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6
Q

parallel ridge on the side of tongue adjacent to premolars and molars

A

foliate papillae

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7
Q

shaped like mushrooms, widely distributed but highly concentrated at the tip

A

fungiform papillae

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8
Q

large, v shape at the back of the tongue

A

circumvallate papillae

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9
Q

what are the five tastes?

A

salty, sweet, sour, bitter, and umami

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10
Q

what is gestation?

A

sense of taste

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11
Q

which region deals with linear and vertical acceleration?

A

utricle

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12
Q

what region deals with rotary motion?

A

semicircular ducts

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13
Q

what are the three major components of the eye?

A

fibrous, uvea, and inner

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14
Q

what portions of the eye help with sight?

A

the cornea, aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous humor

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15
Q

how is color blindness inherited?

A

in an x linked recessive pattern

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16
Q

what gender is more prevalent to color blindness?

A

8% males

0.5% females

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17
Q

what are the two circuits of the heart?

A

pulmonary system and systemic system

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18
Q

all the blood is inside the vessels 100% of the time

A

closed system

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19
Q

anchors the diaphragm and major vessels

A

parietal pericardium

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20
Q

lubricates the heart

A

pericarditis fluid

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21
Q

left side of the heart; high pressure

A

systemic circuit

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22
Q

right side of the heart; low pressure

A

pulmonary circuit

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23
Q

AV valves are closed

A

atrial pressure < ventricular pressure

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24
Q

semilunars are open

A

pulmonary and aorta pressure < ventricular pressure

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25
Q

AV valves are open

A

atrial pressure > ventricular pressure

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26
Q

semilunars are closed

A

pulmonary and aorta pressure > ventricular pressure

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27
Q

what creates the lub dub sound?

A

valves opening and closing

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28
Q

bundle of tissues in the right atrium; pacemaker; SA and AV node firing

A

sinoatrial node

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29
Q

nervous structures that innervate

A

bundle branches

30
Q

QRS waves

A

ventricles contracting

31
Q

what are the three types of arteries?

A
  1. conducting
  2. distributing
  3. resistance
32
Q

compared to veins, arteries…

A

increased smooth muscle; regulate BP; elastic

33
Q

closest to heart; largest arteries; very elastic; protects

A

conducting arteries

34
Q

in extremities; smaller, but still large; muscular, less elastic; constriction and dilation; alters blood flow

A

distributing arteries

35
Q

prior to arterioles and capillaries; smaller; muscular; prep blood flow for capillary beds; low pressure

A

resistance arteries

36
Q

what is the function of capillaries?

A

exchange site for circulatory system

37
Q

most capillaries are in the…

A

lungs, liver, spleen, stomach, fingertips, head

38
Q

what are the cause of varicose veins?

A

faulty valves

39
Q

no gas exchange; no alveoli

A

conducting division of the respiratory division

40
Q

where gas exchange occurs

A

respiratory division

41
Q

2-3 per terminal bronchiole; 2-10 alveolar ducts per respiratory bronchiole

A

respiratory bronchioles

42
Q

150,000,000 in total; terminate at alveolar sacs

A

alveolar ducts

43
Q

not all inspired air reaches alveoli

A

dead air

44
Q

respiratory division tissue that is incapable of going through gas exchange

A

physiological dead space

45
Q

what are the two major functions of the digestive system?

A
  1. mechanically and chemically break down food

2. absorb water and nutrients

46
Q

what are the three types of extrinsic glands?

A

parotid, sublingual, submandibular

47
Q

what does the liver produce?

A

bile salts and pigments

48
Q

what does the pancreas do?

A

release bicarbonate to neutralize chyme; release digestive enzymes

49
Q

what does the small intestine do?

A

chemical digestion and nutrient absorption

50
Q

what does the large intestine do?

A

water/mineral absorption; bacterial digestion (cellulose)

51
Q

what is the kidney involved in?

A

water balance, ion balance, pH regulation, and the elimination of metabolic waste

52
Q

1st step of the process of nephron

A

filtration of blood; occurs at renal corpuscle; removes water and small molecules

53
Q

2nd step of the process of nephron

A

nutrients and ions at the PCT and DCT; water at collecting ducts

54
Q

what is the difference between primary and secondary sex organs?

A

primary is anything that creates gametes; secondary is any other one

55
Q

primary sex organs

A

testes, ovaries

56
Q

secondary sex organs

A

penis, prostate, vagina

57
Q

where is sperm produced?

A

testes

58
Q

where does sperm mature?

A

epididymis

59
Q

area where the vas deferent and urethra meet

A

ejaculatory duct

60
Q

helps neutralize the acidic environment of the vagina

A

prostatic fluid

61
Q

1st gland to secrete fluid; seminal fluid

A

seminal vesicles

62
Q

2nd gland to release fluid; prostatic fluid

A

prostate gland

63
Q

3rd gland to release fluid; “precum”; cleanses urethra

A

bulbourethral gland

64
Q

produces labor contractions

A

myometrium

65
Q

what are the 4 sexual response phases?

A
  1. excitement
  2. plateau
  3. orgasm
  4. resolution
66
Q

changes in ____ are mostly physiological

A

males

67
Q

female changes during orgasm

A

labia minora become full w blood; labia majora become reddened and large; greater vestibule gland secretions moisten the vestibule; lower 1/3 of the vagina constricts

68
Q

what is does the fibrous part of the eye consist of?

A

sclera and cornea

69
Q

what is does the uvea part of the eye consist of?

A

choroid, ciliary body and iris

70
Q

what is does the inner part of the eye consist of?

A

retina and beginning of the optic nerve

Human Anatomy (10 decks)

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