Lecture: Filarial Nematodes Flashcards
Femalee filarial worms are _
Viviparous
Filarial larvae are called _
Microfilaria
Filarial worms are transmitted through _
Bite of arthropod (vector)
MCF are found mostly in _
Blood
Adult filarial worm are mostly found in _
Tissue
Atomic Landmarks for MCF
Appearance of nuclei
Presence or absence of sheath
Presence or absence of caudal nuclei
Length of cephalic space
Genital cell - small or large
Excretory cell - small or large
Sheathed Filarial Worms
W. bancrofti
B. malayi
L. loa
Unsheathed Filarial Worms
O. volvulus
Mansonella spp.
Sheathed w/o caudal nuclei. Nuclei are distinct and arranged in 2-3 rows.
W. bancrofti
Sheathed with 2 caudal nuclei. Nuclei are indistinct and confluent.
B. malayi
Sheathed. Caudal nuclei continuous with those of trunk
Loa loa
Unsheathed. Both anterior and posterior end are nuclei-free.
O. volvulus
Unsheathed. Nuclei extending up to the tip of blunt tail
M. perstans
Unsheathed. Tail tapers to a thin filament containing column of 4-6 ovoid nuclei
M. ozzardi
Unsheathed. Posterior end is strongly bent.
M. streptocerca
Refers to the rhythmical appearance of MCF in the peripheral blood circulation
Periodicity
During night (10PM to 2AM)
Nocturnal periodicity
During daytime (10AM to 2PM)
Diurnal periodicity
Day and night time
Subperiodic periodicity
Both and day night but more prominent during the day
Subperiodic diurnal
Both and day night but more prominent during the night
Subperiodic nocturnal
A certain proportion of the population living in these areas do not show any overt clinical manifestations of the disease or any mcf in their blood even though they are exposed
Endemic Normal
Persons in this stage have mcf in their blood but do not show any clinical manifestation of filariasis
Asymptomatic Stage
Caused by antigens released by female adult filarial worms. Mcf cause no inflammatory changes.
Acute Filariasis
Acute Filariasis is characterized by _
Filarial fever
Lymphodema
Lymphadenitis
Adenolymphagitis
Aka obstructive phase that usually takes 10-15 years to develop
Chronic Filariasis
Caused by the obstruction of lymph vessel of the spermatic cord and exudation from the inflammed testes and epididymis
Hydrocele
Caused by a complex immune reaction of long duration and repeated super infection.
Elephantiasis
Caused by the adult worms present in the lymphatic of the breast.
Granuloma of the female breast
Granuloma of the breast is characterized by _
Presence of a firm solitary mass in the breast
Urine shows chyle mixed with blood and occasionally with mcf. Caused by obstruction of lymphatic vessels of the kidney and the abdomen.
Chyluria
Denotes a condition of hypersensitivity reaction of the host to microfilarial antigens. Mcf are not found in the blood.
Occult Filariasis
