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A&P II > Lecture exam question key > Flashcards

Lecture exam question key Flashcards

1
Q
  1. . pluripotent cells
A

Become myeloid or lymphoid

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2
Q
  1. rbcs erythrocytes
A

Not spheroidal/sphere, they are biconcave disc shape

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3
Q

3 . hemoglobin

A

Has Iron is in the center of the hymn pigment

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4
Q

4 . erythropoiesis

A

RBC keeps pace with destruction maintaining homeostasis

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5
Q

5 . wbcs

A

Neutrophil 70% Bacterial
Infections (polys, segs, bands)

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6
Q

6 . wbcs

A

Basophil 1%
allergic reactions

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7
Q

7 . wbcs versus rbcs

A

WBC have MHC, while RBC does not. All of the above*

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8
Q

8 . wbcs

A

neutrophils 60-70% (up if bacterial infection)
–lymphocytes 20-25% (up if viral infection)
–monocytes 3 – 8 % (up if fungal/viral infection)
–eosinophils 2 – 4 % (up if parasite or allergy reaction)
–basophils <1% (up if allergy reaction or hypothyroid)

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9
Q

9 . chemotaxis

A

Extracellular destruction

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10
Q

10 . Hemostasis

A

Three steps – Vascular spasm, Platelet plug formation, and congulation. Stopping bleeding. All of the above*

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11
Q

11 . Platelets

A

Fibrinogen not found inside platelets

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12
Q

12 . platelet plug formation

A

1st step platelets adhere to the wall (Prothom brace formed).

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13
Q

13 . blood coagulation

A

turning liquid into solid fibrin threads, Formation of prothrombinase

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14
Q

14 . blood groups

A

Based on inherited antigen in the surface of erithrocytes

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15
Q

15 . Leukemia

A

Large numbers of abnormal WBC

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16
Q

16 . functions of blood

A

Does not promote loss

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17
Q

17 . epo tpo cytokines

A

Trouble clotting, making blood cells, making her anemic. Cytokines not made in the kidney. EPO produce in kidney and TPO produce in liver. Not all of the above

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18
Q

18 . pericardium

A

Anchors the heart to the diaphragm, letter A

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19
Q

19 . heart wall

A

Has three parts endocarium, Myocarium, Epicardium. Myocarium middle layer made of largely muscle tissue as two sublayers

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20
Q

20 . external surface of the heart

A

Coronary sulcus has most the fat since its very deep

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21
Q

21 . right atrium

A

superior vena cava, opening of coronary sinus, and inferior vena cava. We see three openings.

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22
Q

22 . left ventricle

A

Has trabeculae carne

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23
Q

23 . left ventricle

A

The lumen has a circular perimeter

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24
Q

24 . cardiac valves

A

Opens and closes in response to pressure

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25
Q

25 . cardiac valves

A

Not all valves has Chordae Tendinae . Has one way flow no backwards, ensure one-way flow

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26
Q

26 . cardiac valves

A

Could be either pulmonary semiulnar or aortic semiulnar. When the right atrium compresses it prevents the backflow of blood.

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27
Q

27 . sequence blood through heart

A

From lower body, never superior vena cave. Inferior vena cave and right atrium.

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28
Q

28 . bicuspid valve

A

Right ventricle

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29
Q

29 . coronary sinus

A

Right Atrium

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30
Q

30 . circulation of blood

A

Coronary is not part of pulmonary, its part of the systemic circulation.

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31
Q

31 . coronary circulation

A

Great cardiac vein does not belong

32
Q

32 . cardiac muscle tissue

A

Cardiac muscle is branched and skeletal muscle is cylindrical. Is not cylindrical its branched.

33
Q

33 . autorhythmic cells

A

Depolarizes spontaneously

34
Q

34 . pacemaker of the heart

A

SA node

35
Q

35 . order of the propagation

A

1.SA node
2.AV node
3.AV bundle
4.Bundle Branches
5.Purkinje Fibers.

36
Q

36 . cardiac conduction system

A

Ectopic pacemaker gets stimulated by caffeine and nicotine.

37
Q

37 . plateau phase

A

Calcium, Calcium, Calcium, K+ decrease permeability, no sodium,

38
Q

38 . cardiac muscle

A

Most of ATP for cardiac muscle comes from fatty acids

39
Q

39 . Electrocardiogram

A

Can detect enlargeheart (cardiomegaly), abnormal conduction, ischemia, disturbance in pathway, all of the above

40
Q

40 . Electrocardiogram

A

Ventricles is depolarizing, and the atria is repolarizing

41
Q

41 . Electrocardiogram

A

coronary artery disease

42
Q

42 . cardiac cycle

A

Ventricle systole begins after QRS

43
Q

43 . a single cardiac cycle

A

Include all of the events in one heartbeat. High pressire to low pressure. Occur dependently

44
Q

44 . relaxation period of the cardiac cycle

A

It is a time that becomes shorter as the heart rate increases

45
Q

45 . atrial systole

A

end diastolic volume, The amount of blood contained in a ventricle in the end of atrial systole

46
Q

46 . isovolumetric contraction

A

The interval when the cardiac fibers are contracting but not shortening.

47
Q

47 . heart sounds

A

Closure of the valves causes heart sounds

48
Q

48 . cardiac output

A

EDV – ESV = SV, 2500 ML Each ventricle, normal 5000 ML

49
Q

49 . cardiac output

A

Right ventricle eject into pulmonary trunk and left ventricle eject into aorta

50
Q

50 . cardiac output

A

Product of the stroke volume, Reserve = maximum - normal

51
Q

51 . stroke volume

A

Blood coming in Pre-load blood coming out after-load. We adjust the stroke volume based on the amount of after-load to overcome the after-load.

52
Q

52 . the frank-starling law

A

The greater the preload the greater the force of contraction

53
Q

53 . heart failure and edema

A

When the left ventricle fails

54
Q

54 . heart rate

A

Acetylcholine decreases heart rate, Vegas nerve makes heart

55
Q

55 . myocardial infarction

A

Treated with anti-coagulation. Ans D = A and B.

56
Q

56 . tetralogy of fallot

A

Stenosis, right ventricle goes intro hypothropy. Except left ventricle did not go through hypothropy. Not the left.

57
Q

57 . Arteries

A

Elastic artery – Muscular – Arterials

58
Q

58 . blood vessels

A

Arterioles is a key role in regulating blood flow into capillaries maintain systemic blood pressure

59
Q

59 . Vasodilation

A

Increased sympathetic innervention does not vasodilation

60
Q

60 . elastic arteries

A

Radial is not large elastic it distributes blood

61
Q

61 . blood vessels

A

.

62
Q

62 . Sinusoids

A

Liver and bone marrow

63
Q

63 . blood reservoirs

A

Stored in veins and venules

64
Q

64 . enter and leave capillaries

A

Balk flow, diffusion, Transcytosis

65
Q

65 . net filtration pressure

A

The blood hydrostatic pressure IFOP and both cause filtration. A and B

66
Q

66 . net filtration pressure

A

Some of the fluid leaks out and the lymphatic vessels picks it up.

67
Q

67 . net filtration pressure

A

.

68
Q

68 . cardiovascular center

A

Decreasing the sympathetic and increase parasympathetic. A and B not C

69
Q

69 . cardiovascular center

A

.

70
Q

70 . neural control of blood pressure

A

.

71
Q

71 . hormones and blood pressure

A

Activate renin-antigiotensin-aldosterone system, release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Activation of nervous system. No A&P

72
Q

72 . blood pressure

A

normal cardiac ratio

73
Q

73 . blood through the heart -

A

. 1- Superior or Inferior vena cava
2- RT Atrium

74
Q

74 . hypovolemic shock

A

.

75
Q

75 . Warfarin

A

Blocks the vitamin K (coagulation).

A&P II (7 decks)

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