Lecture exam question key Flashcards
- . pluripotent cells
Become myeloid or lymphoid
- rbcs erythrocytes
Not spheroidal/sphere, they are biconcave disc shape
3 . hemoglobin
Has Iron is in the center of the hymn pigment
4 . erythropoiesis
RBC keeps pace with destruction maintaining homeostasis
5 . wbcs
Neutrophil 70% Bacterial
Infections (polys, segs, bands)
6 . wbcs
Basophil 1%
allergic reactions
7 . wbcs versus rbcs
WBC have MHC, while RBC does not. All of the above*
8 . wbcs
neutrophils 60-70% (up if bacterial infection)
–lymphocytes 20-25% (up if viral infection)
–monocytes 3 – 8 % (up if fungal/viral infection)
–eosinophils 2 – 4 % (up if parasite or allergy reaction)
–basophils <1% (up if allergy reaction or hypothyroid)
9 . chemotaxis
Extracellular destruction
10 . Hemostasis
Three steps – Vascular spasm, Platelet plug formation, and congulation. Stopping bleeding. All of the above*
11 . Platelets
Fibrinogen not found inside platelets
12 . platelet plug formation
1st step platelets adhere to the wall (Prothom brace formed).
13 . blood coagulation
turning liquid into solid fibrin threads, Formation of prothrombinase
14 . blood groups
Based on inherited antigen in the surface of erithrocytes
15 . Leukemia
Large numbers of abnormal WBC
16 . functions of blood
Does not promote loss
17 . epo tpo cytokines
Trouble clotting, making blood cells, making her anemic. Cytokines not made in the kidney. EPO produce in kidney and TPO produce in liver. Not all of the above
18 . pericardium
Anchors the heart to the diaphragm, letter A
19 . heart wall
Has three parts endocarium, Myocarium, Epicardium. Myocarium middle layer made of largely muscle tissue as two sublayers
20 . external surface of the heart
Coronary sulcus has most the fat since its very deep
21 . right atrium
superior vena cava, opening of coronary sinus, and inferior vena cava. We see three openings.
22 . left ventricle
Has trabeculae carne
23 . left ventricle
The lumen has a circular perimeter
24 . cardiac valves
Opens and closes in response to pressure
25 . cardiac valves
Not all valves has Chordae Tendinae . Has one way flow no backwards, ensure one-way flow
26 . cardiac valves
Could be either pulmonary semiulnar or aortic semiulnar. When the right atrium compresses it prevents the backflow of blood.
27 . sequence blood through heart
From lower body, never superior vena cave. Inferior vena cave and right atrium.
28 . bicuspid valve
Right ventricle
29 . coronary sinus
Right Atrium
30 . circulation of blood
Coronary is not part of pulmonary, its part of the systemic circulation.
31 . coronary circulation
Great cardiac vein does not belong
32 . cardiac muscle tissue
Cardiac muscle is branched and skeletal muscle is cylindrical. Is not cylindrical its branched.
33 . autorhythmic cells
Depolarizes spontaneously
34 . pacemaker of the heart
SA node
35 . order of the propagation
1.SA node
2.AV node
3.AV bundle
4.Bundle Branches
5.Purkinje Fibers.
36 . cardiac conduction system
Ectopic pacemaker gets stimulated by caffeine and nicotine.
37 . plateau phase
Calcium, Calcium, Calcium, K+ decrease permeability, no sodium,
38 . cardiac muscle
Most of ATP for cardiac muscle comes from fatty acids
39 . Electrocardiogram
Can detect enlargeheart (cardiomegaly), abnormal conduction, ischemia, disturbance in pathway, all of the above
40 . Electrocardiogram
Ventricles is depolarizing, and the atria is repolarizing
41 . Electrocardiogram
coronary artery disease
42 . cardiac cycle
Ventricle systole begins after QRS
43 . a single cardiac cycle
Include all of the events in one heartbeat. High pressire to low pressure. Occur dependently
44 . relaxation period of the cardiac cycle
It is a time that becomes shorter as the heart rate increases
45 . atrial systole
end diastolic volume, The amount of blood contained in a ventricle in the end of atrial systole
46 . isovolumetric contraction
The interval when the cardiac fibers are contracting but not shortening.
47 . heart sounds
Closure of the valves causes heart sounds
48 . cardiac output
EDV – ESV = SV, 2500 ML Each ventricle, normal 5000 ML
49 . cardiac output
Right ventricle eject into pulmonary trunk and left ventricle eject into aorta
50 . cardiac output
Product of the stroke volume, Reserve = maximum - normal
51 . stroke volume
Blood coming in Pre-load blood coming out after-load. We adjust the stroke volume based on the amount of after-load to overcome the after-load.
52 . the frank-starling law
The greater the preload the greater the force of contraction
53 . heart failure and edema
When the left ventricle fails
54 . heart rate
Acetylcholine decreases heart rate, Vegas nerve makes heart
55 . myocardial infarction
Treated with anti-coagulation. Ans D = A and B.
56 . tetralogy of fallot
Stenosis, right ventricle goes intro hypothropy. Except left ventricle did not go through hypothropy. Not the left.
57 . Arteries
Elastic artery – Muscular – Arterials
58 . blood vessels
Arterioles is a key role in regulating blood flow into capillaries maintain systemic blood pressure
59 . Vasodilation
Increased sympathetic innervention does not vasodilation
60 . elastic arteries
Radial is not large elastic it distributes blood
61 . blood vessels
.
62 . Sinusoids
Liver and bone marrow
63 . blood reservoirs
Stored in veins and venules
64 . enter and leave capillaries
Balk flow, diffusion, Transcytosis
65 . net filtration pressure
The blood hydrostatic pressure IFOP and both cause filtration. A and B
66 . net filtration pressure
Some of the fluid leaks out and the lymphatic vessels picks it up.
67 . net filtration pressure
.
68 . cardiovascular center
Decreasing the sympathetic and increase parasympathetic. A and B not C
69 . cardiovascular center
.
70 . neural control of blood pressure
.
71 . hormones and blood pressure
Activate renin-antigiotensin-aldosterone system, release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Activation of nervous system. No A&P
72 . blood pressure
normal cardiac ratio
73 . blood through the heart -
. 1- Superior or Inferior vena cava
2- RT Atrium
74 . hypovolemic shock
.
75 . Warfarin
Blocks the vitamin K (coagulation).
