Lecture Exam 2

Question 1

High level germicides

Answer 1

Kills all pathogens even endospores

Question 2

Intermediate level germacides

Answer 2

Kill fungal spores, protozoan cysts, viruses, and pathogenic bacteria

Question 3

Low level germicides

Answer 3

Kill vegetative bacteria, fungi, Protozoa, and some viruses

Question 4

BSL 1

Answer 4

Pathogens that don’t cause disease in healthy humans

Question 5

BSL 2

Answer 5

Moderately hazardous agents
Flu , hepatitis

Question 6

BSL 3

Answer 6

Handling in safety cabinets with HEPA filters
Tuberculosis , yellow fever

Question 7

BSL 4

Answer 7

Cause severe disease, isolated, airlock doors
Ebola, smallpox

Question 8

Heat microbial control

Answer 8

Denatures proteins

Moist heat(boiling, autoclaving, pasteurization) is more effective than dry heat(incineration)

Question 9

Freezing microbial control

Answer 9

Inhibits matabolism

Question 10

Osmotic pressure microbial control

Answer 10

Inhibits metabolism

Question 11

Radiation microbial control

Answer 11

Destroys dna

Question 12

Pasteurization

Answer 12

Reducing microbial load

Question 13

Degerming

Answer 13

Removing germs by mechanical means

Question 14

Sterilization

Answer 14

Completely getting rid of all microbes

Question 15

Chemical methods of microbial control

Answer 15

Use dilution test
Kelsey Sykes test
In use test

Question 16

Phenol/phenolics

Answer 16

Carbolic acid

Question 17

Halogens

Answer 17

Iodine
Bromine
Chloride
Fluoride

Question 18

Oxidizing agents

Answer 18

Peroxide
Ozone
Peracetic acid

Question 19

Surfactants

Answer 19

Soap
Detergent

Question 20

Heavy metals

Answer 20

Arsenic
Zinc
Mercury
Silver
Copper

Question 21

Aldehydes

Answer 21

Glutaraldehyde
Formaldehyde

Question 22

Gaseous agents

Answer 22

Ethylene oxide
Propylene oxide

Question 23

Antimicrobials

Answer 23

Antibiotics
Synthetic
Semisynthetic

Question 24

Chemotherapeutic agents

Answer 24

Drugs against diseases ex insulin

Question 25

Antimicrobial agents

Answer 25

Drugs to treat infections

Question 26

Antibiotics

Answer 26

Produced naturally by organisms Made by microbes against microbes

Question 27

Ehrlich

Answer 27

Magic bullets, killing bacteria without killing us

Question 28

Fleming

Answer 28

Penecilin

Question 29

Domagk

Answer 29

First widely produced antibiotic

Question 30

Semisynthetic

Answer 30

Tweaking of microbes More effective and last longer

Question 31

selective toxicity

Answer 31

The more differences the more likely toxic

Question 32

Peptidoglycan is composed of

Answer 32

Alternating NAM and NAG molecules with peptide bonds between NAM subunits

Question 33

Beta-lactams

Answer 33

Bind to enzymes that cross link subunits interrupting cell wall formation

Question 34

Vancomycin

Answer 34

Interfere bridges linking NAM subunits in gram + bacteria

Question 35

Inhibition of protein synthesis

Answer 35

Ribosome shape is changed so mRNA isn’t read

Question 36

Disruption of cytoplasmic membrane

Answer 36

Amphotericin B

Question 37

Inhibition of metabolic pathways

Answer 37

Differ, sulfonamides analogs

Question 38

Inhibition of nucleic acid

Answer 38

Nucleotides used against viruses ex cancer cells Reverse transcriptase, HIV is a retrovirus

Question 39

Prevents virus attachment or entry

Answer 39

Attachment antagonist

Question 40

Spectrum of action

Answer 40

Number of different pathogens a drug acts against

Question 41

Kirby baur

Answer 41

Diffusion susceptibility test

Question 42

Therapudic index

Answer 42

Ratio of drug dose tolerated:effective dose ratio

Question 43

Disruption of normal microbiota

Answer 43

Secondary infections

Question 44

Resistance development

Answer 44

R plasmids vía transformation, transduction, conjugation

Question 45

Discontinuing a drug too early can

Answer 45

Lead to early development of resistant strains

Question 46

What is a virus

Answer 46

Infectious agent having DNA or RNA

Question 47

What is a virion

Answer 47

Capsid(coat) containing nucleic acid(DNA)

Question 48

Bacteriophage

Answer 48

Virus that infects bacteria

Question 49

What is a capsid

Answer 49

Contains nucleic acid Means of attachment to host cell

Question 50

Viral envelope

Answer 50

Acquired from host cell Envelope viruses more fragile than naked Naked most likely to be attacked by host immune system

Question 51

Lytic replication depends on Is Steps

Answer 51

Hosts organelles and enzymes Is the death and lysis of host cell Attachment Entry Synthesis Assembly Release

Question 52

Lysogenic replication

Answer 52

Infected cells grow and reproduce normally for generations before lysis

Question 53

Temperate phases can

Answer 53

Choose lytic vs lysogenic cycle

Question 54

dsDNA

Answer 54

similar to cellular DNA replication

Question 55

Prions

Answer 55

Misfolded proteins Spongiform encephalopathies

Question 56

Viroids…

Answer 56

Are pieces of RNA infecting plants

Question 57

Plaques are areas

Answer 57

Where phages have lysed bacteria

Question 58

+ssRNA dsRNA Retroviruses -ssRNA

Answer 58

Viral RNA polymerase Reverse transcriptase Viral RNA transcriptase