Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patient Care Skills ll > Lecture Exam 2 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence when making decisions about the care of patients

A

EBP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

the following 3 areas are commonly used to develop what?

relevant published evidence
clinical expertise
patient’s circumstances & values

A

EBP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

name the 6 most common levels of evidence (from most to least effective) used in PT research studies?

A
  1. Meta Analysis
  2. Randomized Control Trial (RCT)
  3. Cohort Study
  4. Case Control Study
  5. Cross Sectional Study
  6. Case Reports
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which level of evidence is being described?

  • systemic review
  • uses a statistical technique to get an estimate of the amount of effect
  • combines the results of several RCT to determine the overall effectiveness of a treatment
A

Meta Analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

which level of evidence is being described?

  • used to assess the relative effect of specific interventions compared to a controlled condition
  • subjects are randomized into groups (control & experimental group)
  • groups are identical except for the treatment being provided
  • double blind random application
A

Randomized Control Trial (RCT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which level of evidence is being described?

  • longitudinal study where subjects are followed overtime
  • can be performed by looking at historical records
  • takes a very long time to conduct
  • not very controlled; many variables could be present that can influence the outcomes
A

Cohort Study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which level of evidence is being described?

  • 2 groups of subjects
    • one group has the condition/disease
    • one group does not have the condition/disease
  • provides better information about the effects of an intervention than a case report
A

Case Control Study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which level of evidence is being described?

  • observations/data made at one point in time
  • all subjects are tested around the same time
  • looks at relationships between diseases/conditions & a factor/interest that happens at a certain time
  • limited studies because they can’t show casual relationships
A

Cross Sectional Study

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which level of evidence is being described?

  • provide information about what was done to a particular patient & what happened to them
  • no clear indications of what caused observed changes
  • considered the least strong evidence for the effectiveness of an intervention for a particular problem
A

Case reports

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what term is being described?

neither the subjects or clinician should know if an active or placebo treatment is being used to most accurately determine the effects of an intervention

A

Double Blind Random Application

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what term is being described?

selections depends on:
- what’s being studied
- type of desired outcome
- subject availability

A

subjects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what term is being described?

needed to be able to differentiate:
effects of chance
normal progression
nonspecific effects from specific effects of the intervention being evaluated
double blind RCT is gold standard for research design

A

controls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what term is being described?

interventions without known or expected biological effects

A

placebo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what term is being described?

  • reproducibility of data
  • gives the same result when applied in the same situation
A

reliability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what term is being described?

consistent agreement of measurements taken by different examiners

A

interrater reliability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what term is being described?

consistent repeated measurement made by the same person over time

A

intrarater reliability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what term is being described?

how often the instrument measures what it’s intended to measure

A

validity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what term is being described?

integrity of the study design

A

internal validity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what term is being described?

how the results can be applied to non-study patients or populations

A

external validity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what term is being described?

  • should be clinically relevant & relate directly to goal(s) of treatment
A

outcome measures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what term is being described?

  • probability of any difference being purely a result of chance
  • smaller the value, the less likely the null hypothesis is true & more likely that the intervention had an effect
A

p value

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

findings with a p value of less than 0.05 are considered what?

A

statistically significant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

which component of the gait cycle is being described?

stance foot touches the ground

A

heel strike/
initial contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

which component of the gait cycle is being described?

  • period of initial double limb support
  • knee flexes to help conserve energy & absorb shock
    • BEGINS: when entire foot makes contact with the ground
    • ENDS: when opposite foot leaves ground
A

foot flat/
loading response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

which component of the gait cycle is being described?

  • single leg support begins
  • body is passing over WB limb
  • pelvis in neutral position & arms parallel with body
  • COG at highest point
    • BEGINS: when opposite foot leaves ground
    • ENDS: when body is directly over WB limb
A

midstance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

which component of the gait cycle is being described?

  • body moves ahead of WB limb
  • single leg support ends
    • BEGINS: as heel of WB limb rises
    • ENDS: initial contact of opposite limb
A

heel-off/
terminal stance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

which component of the gait cycle is being described?

  • leg advancement ends
  • double leg support begins & ends
A

toe-off/
pre-swing

28
Q

which component of the gait cycle is being described?

  • swing phase begins
  • single leg support begins on contralateral side
  • ipsilateral arms swings backwards
    • BEGINS: when toe leaves the ground
    • ENDS: when the swing limb is opposite to the WB limb & the knee is in maximum flexion
A

initial swing/
acceleration

29
Q

which component of the gait cycle is being described?

  • leg shortens to clear ground
  • single leg support on contralateral side continues
  • pelvis is neutral & arms are parallel with body & moving in opposite directions
    • BEGINS: when the swing limb is opposite the WB limb
    • ENDS: when the swing limb has moved in front of the body & the tibia is in a vertical position
A

midswing

30
Q

which component of the gait cycle is being described?

  • leg advancement ends
  • single leg support ends
  • ipsilateral arm back & contralateral arm forward
    • BEGINS: when the tibia is in a vertical position
    • ENDS: just before initial contact
A

terminal swing/
deceleration

31
Q

which phase of gait makes up 60% of the cycle?

A

stance phase

32
Q

which phase of gait makes up 40% of the cycle?

A

swing phase

33
Q

0-30 degrees is the necessary ROM requirement for which LE movement involved in a typical gait pattern?

A

hip flexion

34
Q

0-10 degrees is the necessary ROM requirement for which LE movement(s) involved in a typical gait pattern?

A

hip extension
dorsiflexion

35
Q

0-60 degrees is the necessary ROM requirement for which LE movement involved in a typical gait pattern?

A

knee flexion

36
Q

0 degrees is the necessary ROM requirement for which LE movement involved in a typical gait pattern?

A

knee extension

37
Q

0-20 degrees is the necessary ROM requirement for which LE movement involved in a typical gait pattern?

A

plantar flexion

38
Q

what are the 3 functions of the foot & ankle during gait?

A

shock absorption
terrain comforting
propulsion

39
Q

what term is being described?

the number of steps per unit of time (steps/min)

A

cadence

40
Q

what is the average cadence of
male:
female:
total average:

A

male: 111 steps/min
female: 117 steps/min
total average: 90-120 steps/min

41
Q

what term is being described?

distance between point of initial contact of one extremity & the next point of initial contact of the same extremity

A

stride length

42
Q

what term is being described?

distance between point of initial contact of one extremity & the point of contact of the opposite extremity

A

step length

43
Q

1 step length is equal to how many stride lengths?

A

1/2 a stride length

44
Q

what term is being described?

fundamental unit of walking

A

gait cycle

45
Q

what term is being described?

takes place during loading response & preswing

A

double limb support

46
Q

what term is being described?

occurs as the body weight shifts completely onto the stance leg so the opposite leg can swing forward (midstance & terminal stance)

A

single limb support

47
Q

during the gait cycle, which muscle’s role is being described?

initial swing

A

iliopsoas

48
Q

during the gait cycle, which muscle’s role is being described?

  • initial contact (E)
  • initial swing (c)
  • midswing (c)
  • terminal swing (c)
A

ankle DFs

49
Q

during the gait cycle, which muscle’s role is being described?

  • initial contact (c)
  • loading response (E)
A

quadriceps femoris

50
Q

during the gait cycle, which muscle’s role is being described?

  • initial contact (c)
  • loading response (c)
  • midstance (c)
A

gluteus maximus & medius

51
Q

during the gait cycle, which muscle’s role is being described?

  • loading response (c)
  • midstance (E)
  • terminal stance (c)
  • preswing (c)
A

ankle PFs

52
Q

during the gait cycle, which muscle’s role is being described?

  • terminal swing (E)
A

hamstrings

53
Q

what gait deviation is being described?

  • body weight is shifted to involved side during stance phase, hip abductors can’t support the pelvis, and the pelvis drops/tilts toward the swing limb
  • excessive lateral trunk flexion
  • weight shifting over stance leg
  • glute med weakness
A

trendelenberg

54
Q

what gait deviation is being described?

  • limb is swung in a circular motion to advance
    • weak hip flexors
    • decreased knee flexion
    • inability to dorsiflex
    • leg length difference
A

circumduction

55
Q

what gait deviation is being described?

  • DF not strong enough to hold against gravity
  • causes foot to drop into PF in swing
A

foot drop

56
Q

what gait deviation is being described?

  • DF unable to eccentrically & slowly lower foot down into PF at initial contact
A

foot slap

57
Q

what gait deviation is being described?

A

toe drag

58
Q

what gait deviation is being described?

  • toes strike first at initial contact
A

equinnus gait

59
Q

what gait deviation is being described?

  • to advance, the swing leg compensates through a combination of pelvis elevation & PF of stance leg
  • rise on toes of uninvolved extremity
    • decreased hip flexion, knee flexion, or DF of involved extremity
A

vaulting

60
Q

what gait deviation is being described?

shorter stance time because of pain in stance limb

A

antalgic

61
Q

what gait deviation is being described?

  • legs cross midline upon advancement (swing)
  • narrow base
    trunk may lean over stance leg
A

scissoring

62
Q

what gait deviation is being described?

  • knee raised higher than normal during swing
  • toes land first
A

steppage

63
Q

what gait deviation is being described?

  • ipsilateral pelvis elevation in swing phase
    • decreased knee flexion or DF
A

hip hiking

64
Q

what gait deviation is being described?

  • B LE involvement
    • excessive hip & knee flexion
    • excessive hip adduction, MR & PF
A

crouch knee

65
Q

what gait deviation is being described?

A

stiff knee

66
Q

what gait deviation is being described?

has 3 types of length discrepancy: minimal, moderate (3-5 inches), and severe

A

unequal leg length

67
Q

what gait deviation is being described?

(closed chain) glute max & gastroc/soleus pull knee into extension at heel strike

A

quad weakness

Patient Care Skills ll (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions