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Patient Care Skills ll > Lecture Exam 1 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

a basic technique used to examine movement or for initiating movement into a program of therapeutic intervention

A

Range of Motion (ROM)

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2
Q

what do these factors influence?

surgical or traumatic insults
inactivity or immobilization
systemic joint/neurological/muscular diseases

A

ROM

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3
Q

what are ROM techniques used for?

A

maintaining joint & soft tissue mobility

minimizing loss of flexibility

preventing contracture formation

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4
Q

what are the 3 types of ROM?

A

PROM
AROM
AAROM

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5
Q

which type of ROM is produced by active contraction of a mm crossing a jt?

A

AROM

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6
Q

which type of ROM is produced by an external source?

A

PROM

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7
Q

which type of ROM is provided with assistance from a mechanical or manual outside force?

A

AAROM

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8
Q

which type of ROM would you use for an area with acute inflammation?

A

PROM

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9
Q

which type of ROM has the following goals?

  • maintain physiological elasticity & contractibility of participating muscles
  • provide sensory feedback
  • provide stimulus for bones & joint tissue integrity
  • increase circulation & prevent thrombus formations
  • develop coordination & motor skills for functional activities
A

AROM

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10
Q

which type of ROM has the following goals?

  • decrease complications that would occur with mobilization
  • minimize effects of contracture formations
  • maintain chemical elasticity of mm
  • assist circulation & enhance cartilage nutrition
  • decrease/inhibit pain
  • assist in healing after injury or surgery
  • help maintain pt awareness of movement
A

PROM

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11
Q

(PROM/AROM/AAROM) does NOT

prevent mm atrophy
increase strength or endurance
improve circulation the same as active mm contractions will

A

PROM

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12
Q

(PROM/AROM/AAROM) does NOT

maintain or increase strength for mm that are strong
develop skill or coordination (except in movement patterns that are used)

A

AROM

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13
Q

to improve performance of functional tasks by increasing strength, flexibility, & ROM is the philosophy of?

A

PNF (Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation)

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14
Q

PNF’s goal is to promote achievement of progressively higher levels of functional dependence in…?

A

bed mobility
transitional movements
sitting
standing
walking

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15
Q

name the 10 essential components of PNF

A
  1. manual contacts
  2. body position & body mechanics
  3. stretch
  4. manual resistance
  5. irradiation
  6. joint facilitation
  7. timing of movement
  8. patterns of movement
  9. visual cues
  10. verbal input
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16
Q

which essential component of PNF is this?

  • stimulates pressure receptors
  • provides info to pt about desired direction of movement
  • placed on skin overlying target mm groups in the direction of desired movement
  • lumbrical grip is used
A

manual contacts

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17
Q

which essential component of PNF is this?

  • clinicians should be in line with movement
  • resistance is created through the use of the clinician’s body weight
A

body position & body mechanics

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18
Q

which essential component of PNF is this?
- utilized to facilitate mm activity
- facilitates the mm that is elongated, synergistic mm at the same joint, & other associated mm

contraindications: joint hypermobility, fracture, pain
precaution: spasticity

A

stretch

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19
Q

which essential component of PNF is this?

  • internal or external force that alters difficulty of moving
    (internal) stiff, length, neurologic influences
    (external) gravity, weight, manual forces
  • use of manual force will depend on whether the goal is mobility or stability
A

manual resistance

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20
Q

which essential component of PNF is this?

  • neurophysiological
  • spread of mm activity due to resistance
  • overflow & reinforcement
A

irradiation

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21
Q

which essential component of PNF is this?
- stimulates joint receptors
- traction: elongation of body segment; used to facilitate motion & decrease pain
- approximation: promotes stability & WB
- these forces may be applied during performance of extremity patterns or superimposed on body positions

A

joint facilitation

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22
Q

which essential component of PNF is this?

  • normal movement requires smooth sequencing & progression of mm activation
  • most functional movement occur distal to proximal
  • control of trunk & proximal extremity joints must be attained before the mastery of tasks that require precise movements of distal joints
A

timing of movement

23
Q

which essential component of PNF is this?

  • unique, synergistic diagonal patterns
  • combination of motions occurring in 3 planes
A

patterns of movement

24
Q

which essential component of PNF is this?

  • eye movement influences head & body position
  • feedback from visual system promotes stronger mm contraction & proper alignment
A

visual cues

25
Q

which essential component of PNF is this?

  • should be concise & provide a directional cue
    • 3 phases: preparation, action, correction
    • volume & tone should be used to promote desired response (relaxation & greater effort)
A

verbal input

26
Q

which PNF technique is being described?

  • focuses on MOBILITY
  • addresses decreased ROM, decreased coordination, movement initiation, & muscle stiffness/hypertonicity
  • sequential application of PROM, AROM, AAROM, & RROM
A

rhythmic initiation (RI)

27
Q

which PNF technique is being described?

  • focuses on MOBILITY
  • addresses decreased active/passive joint mobility, hypertonicity & mm spasticity
  • movement is applied in a rotational pattern
A

rhythmic rotation (RR)

28
Q

which PNF technique is being described?

  • focuses on MOBILITY
  • addresses decreased PROM, pain, & hypertonicity
  • use of isometric contractions, verbal cues, & active/passive stretches
  • 4 step process
A

Hold Relax (HR)

29
Q

which PNF technique is being described?

  • focuses on MOBILITY
  • addresses decreased PROM & decreased length of soft tissue
  • use of isotonic & isometric contractions of short mm, verbal cues, & active/passive stretch
A

contract relax (CR)

30
Q

which PNF technique is being described?

  • focuses on STABILITY
  • addresses decreased endurance, decreased ROM, poor coordination, & pain
  • use of isometric contractions of agonist & antagonist mm groups are facilitated in an alternating manner
A

alternating isometrics (AI)

31
Q

which PNF technique is being described?

  • focuses on MOBILITY, CONTROLLED MOBILITY, & SKILL
  • addresses decreased strength, decreased endurance, & poor balance
  • smooth transitions between both directions of movement with use of resistance that matches the patient’s goals & abilities
A

slow reversal (SR)

32
Q

which PNF technique is being described?

  • focuses on STABILITY, CONTROLLED MOBILITY, & SKILL
  • addresses decreased strength, decreased endurance, & poor balance
  • at the end of range in each direction, a resisted isometric contraction is held
A

slow reversal hold (SRH)

33
Q

which PNF technique is being described?

  • focuses on CONTROLLED MOBILITY
  • addresses decreased strength, poor coordination, & poor functional mobility
  • concentric & eccentric contractions of agonist muscles
  • 4 step process
A

agonist reversal (AR)

34
Q

which PNF technique is being described?

  • focuses on SKILL
  • addresses decreased strength, decreased endurance, poor motor learning, & abnormal timing
  • may be applied during crawling, creeping, or walking
A

resistive progression (RP)

35
Q

the process that causes a PERMANENT change in motor performances as a result of practice or experience/////how an individual learns or modifies a motor task

A

motor learning

36
Q
A

motor program

37
Q

what are the 3 phases of motor learning?

A

cognitive phase
associative phase
autonomous phase

38
Q

which stage of motor learning is being described?

  • actively think about the goal & conditions
  • learner tries different strategies to achieve movement goal
    give clear & concise directions
A

stage 1: cognitive phase

39
Q

which stage of motor learning is being described?

  • refine & improve performance of skill
  • emphasis shifts from “what to do” to “how to do”
  • proprioceptive cues increasing important (“how does that feel?”)
  • vary practice & environment
  • reduce hands-on assist
  • focus on learner’s active decision-making in modifying skills
A

stage 2: associative phase

40
Q

which stage of motor learning is being described?

  • skill becomes automatic because the learner doesn’t need to focus all of their attention on the motor skill
  • minimal cognitive monitoring
  • dual task training
A

stage 3: autonomous phase

41
Q

which type of practice is being described?

amount of practice time is greater than amount of rest time

A

massed practice

42
Q

which type of practice is being described?

amount of rest time is longer than the amount of practice time

A

distributed practice

43
Q

which type of practice is being described?

occurs when the same task is repeated several times in a row

A

blocked practice

44
Q

which type of practice is being described?

variety of tasks are practiced in a random order

A

random/mixed practice

45
Q

which theory of motor learning is this?

  • sensory info is funneled back to CNS for processing & control of motor behavior
  • sensory feedback is used to produce accurate movements
A

Adam’s Closed Loop Theory

46
Q

which theory of motor learning is this?

  • concerned with how movements that can be carried out without feedback are learned
  • relies on open-loop control element (motor program) to foster learning
A

Schmidt’s Schema Theory

47
Q

what are critical elements involved in learning a new motor skill?

A

feedback & practice

48
Q

the ability of the nervous system to change or adapt in response to internal & external demands

A

neuroplasticity

49
Q

what are the 3 types of feedback?

A

knowledge of results
knowledge of performance
feedback schedules

50
Q

which type of feedback is being described?

feedback about the end result or overall outcomes of the movement, especially in relation to the movement’s goals
(was the task accomplished?)

A

knowledge of results

51
Q

which type of feedback is being described?

feedback about the nature or quality of the movement pattern produced
(how well was this done?)

A

knowledge of performance

52
Q

which type of feedback is being described?

constant, summed, faded, delayed

A

feedback schedules

53
Q

the conditions in the environment where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes & risk

A

SDOH (Social Detriments Of Health)

54
Q

what are the 5 categories of SDOH?

A

economic stability
education access & quality
health care access & quality
neighborhood & built environment
social & community context

Patient Care Skills ll (2 decks)

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