Lecture Exam

Question 1

Positive Pressure ventilation

Answer 1

buccopharyngeal pumping (amphibians)

Question 2

Negative Pressure ventilation

Answer 2

lungs (reptiles, birds, and mammals)

Question 3

Respiration in crocodylians

Answer 3

Liver (posterior to lungs) acts as a piston compressing and expanding

Question 4

Turtle Respiration

Answer 4

force viscera upward against lungs exhaling then enlarge viscera cavity to inhale

Question 5

Compensatory suction

Answer 5

prevents pressure wave that pushes prey away, uses negative pressure (ex snapping turtle)

Question 6

inertial suction

Answer 6

accommodates water and creates inward flow by expansion of long neck

Question 7

Neustophagia

Answer 7

skim small floating items off water (sliders)

Question 8

Rotational Feeding

Answer 8

Crocodilian spin on their longitudinal axis, allows them to tear pieces off prey

Question 9

Salamander Tongue Projection Feeding

Answer 9

Projector muscles contract around the arms of the Y shape hyobranchial skeleton firing the tongue

Question 10

Chameleon Projection Feeding

Answer 10

Muscles wrap around elongated portion of hyobranchium but the muscle itself is the projectile, tongue contains accelerator muscle and sticky pad. Tip of tongue forms a pocket.

Question 11

Scolecophidians

Answer 11

(blind and thread snakes) feed on large quantities of small prey

Question 12

Alethinophidians

Answer 12

(All other snakes) consume fewer numbers of large prey

Question 13

Colubrid Snakes

Answer 13

Duvernoys Gland and posterior maxillary teeth, toxins immobilize prey and aid in digestion

Question 14

Elapidae Snakes

Answer 14

Front fixed fangs, remain vertical and are shorter. Prey held in mouth until immobile

Question 15

Viperidae Snakes

Answer 15

Front rotating fangs, long fangs that lie against roof of mouth when not in use. Prey struck quickly then released.

Question 16

Helodermatid Lizards

Answer 16

large venom gland on surface of mandible, venom sits in grooves around teeth which is then conducted into the bite wound of prey

Question 17

Order: Rhynchocephalia
Family: Sphenodontidae

Answer 17

Tuataras

Question 18

Gavialidae

Answer 18

thin snouted fish eaters from south Asia, males develop fleshy knob on tip of snout.

Question 19

Family: Chelidae

Answer 19

Side necked turtles, aquatic most inhabit swamps/slow moving fresh water

Question 20

Family: Pelomedusidae

Answer 20

African Mud Turtles

Question 21

Family: Podocnemididae

Answer 21

Madagascan and South American River Turtles

Question 22

Family: Trionychidae

Answer 22

Softshell Turtles

Question 23

Family: Carettochelyidae

Answer 23

Pig-Nosed Turtle, one species limbs modified into flippers and eggs diapause until rainy season

Question 24

Family: Platysternidae

Answer 24

Big Headed turtles, nocturnal carnivore. Southeast Asia snapping turtle like.

Question 25

Family: Geoemydidae

Answer 25

ecologically similar to Emydidae, somewhat old world pond turtles.

Question 26

Family: Testudinidae

Answer 26

Tortoises

Question 27

Family: Dermatemydidae

Answer 27

Central American river turtle

Question 28

Family: Cheloniidae

Answer 28

Hard shelled sea turtles

Question 29

Family: Dermochelyidae

Answer 29

Leatherback sea turtle

Question 30

Hemorrhagins

Answer 30

Destroys blood vessel linings

Question 31

Cytotoxins

Answer 31

destroys cells

Question 32

Hemolysins

Answer 32

(vipers) destroys red blood cells

Question 33

Myotoxins

Answer 33

(vipers) destroys skeletal muscles

Question 34

Neurotoxins

Answer 34

(Elapids) messes with neuromuscular junctions