Final Flashcards

Question

Dactyloidae

Answer 1

Anoles -Small lizards - Most arboreal -Brightly colored dewlaps, especially in males

Answer 2

Collared and Leopard lizards -Moderately large, often colorful - Somewhat heavy-bodied -Large jaw adductor muscles for a powerful bite - Squealing vocalizations when stressed

Answer 3

Basilisk and Caskhead Lizards -Well-developed head crests and casques. -Crests usually sexually dimorphic

Answer 4

GSD (genetic/genotype sex determination) or TSD (temperature sex determination)

Answer 5

-Pattern Ia – males produced at cooler temps -Pattern Ib – females produced at cooler temps -Pattern II – females produced at warmer and cooler temps; males produced at intermediate temps

Answer 6

– constant temp that results in equal numbers of males and females

Answer 7

fertilization occurs but the paternal genome is rejected during gametogenesis and thus is never passed to descendants

Answer 8

male’s sperm is used to trigger cell division in the egg but fertilization does not occur

Answer 9

-diploid eggs from unreduced (2n) gametes are produced and all offspring are female clones of their mother -No male is needed to stimulate reproduction and no males are usually found in these populations

Answer 10

-More efficient for packing large numbers into a confined space - Lowest surface to volume ratio and are therefore less subject to desiccation. - Less calcium required for rigid spherical eggs

Answer 11

-Maximizes volume of an egg – bigger hatchlings - Pass through pelvic aperture more easily -Smaller clutches because less efficient packing - Higher surface-to-volume ratio, so more susceptible to desiccation.

Answer 12

* Lays on sand; uses her 4 limbs to dig a pit larger than her own dimensions (body pit). She can be concealed while she completes nest prep and egg deposition * Lying in body pit she uses her hind limbs to dig a flaskshaped egg chamber * Lowers her cloaca over the opening in the egg chamber and deposits eggs rapidly (~ 20 minutes). * Fills the chamber with sand with her hind legs, often stopping to moisten the nest with bladder water * Covers egg chamber and then body pit with all 4 limbs; flicks and sprays the sand in all directions to hide evidence of the nest from hungry predators l * Sea turtles may nest only every two or three years but they lay several clutches during a breeding year to offset tremendous mortality rates

Answer 13

Chemical, visual, and tactile signals dominate most at close range

Answer 14

Chemical (not major) Visual (important) Acoustic (most important)

Answer 15

Well-developed visual system Three distinct chemosensory systems: -olfactory -taste buds - vomeronasal system – tongue flick out and collects chemicals Chemical (femoral glands)

Answer 16

-chemosensory information - tactile signals -Use chemical signals (no heavy reliance on visual or acoustic signals)

Answer 17

-substantial lateral bending of the vertebral axis - Seemingly antagonistic muscles around a joint sometimes contract simultaneously and stabilize the elbow or shoulder. - unusual joint between the pectoral girdle and sternum

Answer 18

Rowing is asynchronous – Hind limbs predominantly generate thrust – Fore limbs are used for orienting – Not as fast as synchronous rowing

Answer 19

Fore limbs produce thrust (work as hydrofoils) - Hind limbs used for orientation – synchronously swimming is 6× faster than asynchronous swimming

Answer 20

– Lateral undulation – s-shaped path on a surface with friction – Slide pushing – s-shaped path on a surface w/little friction – Concertina – “army crawl” – Rectilinear – “inch worm” – Side-winding – sideways “army crawl”