lecture exam 1 Flashcards
anatomy
the study of the body’s structure
anatomy - to cut apart
physiology
the study of the body’s function
histology
study of tissues
cytology
study of cells
simplest level of structural organization
chemical level, atoms
levels of structural organization in the human
chemical level, molecular, macromolecular, organelles, cells, tissue, organs, organ systems, organism/human
integumentary system
hair and skin
provides protection, regulates temp, synthesizes vitamin D, prevents water loss
skeletal system
bones
provides support, protection, sites for muscle attachment. stores calcium, phosphorus
muscular system
muscles
produces movement and heat
nervous system
brain, spinal cord, nerves
controls bodily functions, responds to stimuli
cardiovascular system
heart, blood vessels
circulates blood—oxygen and nutrients
lymphatic system
lymph nodes, vessels
filters fluids, returns excess to bloodstream, fights infection
respiratory system
lungs
gas exchange, oxygen and carbon dioxide
digestive system
stomach, intestines
break down food into nutrients that are absorbed through blood stream
endocrine system
thyroid, pituitary glands
regulating body functions by secreting hormones
urinary system
kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra
filters waste products from blood
reproductive system
reproductive organs
enables procreation, production of sex cells
structure and function: cell membrane
phospholipid bilayer (polar hydrophilic phosphate heads, hydrophobic tail)
regulates movement in/out of cell, communication, physical barrier/protection
SMOOTH endoplasmic reticulum
synthesizes LIPIDS
ROUGH endoplasmic reticulum
syntesizes PROTEINS
golgi apparatus
modifies, packs, sorts, synthesized proteins for secretion or internal use
lysosome
contains enzymes that digest unwanted materials, waste, pathogens
ribosomes
synthesizes proteins for use or secretion
uses mRNA instruction
mitochondria
synthesizes most ATP during cellular respiration
