Lecture Exam 1 Flashcards
What is Physiology?
Study of body function
What is anatomy?
study of body structure
What is gross anatomy?
study structures with unaided eye (organs, systems)
What is Histology?
study of tissues
What is Cytology?
study of cells
What makes up the Integumentary system?
Hair, skin, nails
Protects body from the external environment.
Produces vitamin D.
Retains water.
Regulates body temp.
What makes up the Skeletal system?
Bones, joints
Supports body.
Protects internal organs.
Provides leverage for movement.
Produces blood cells.
Stores calcium salts.
What makes up the muscular system?
Skeletal muscles
Produces movement.
Controls body openings.
Generates heat.
What makes up the Nervous system?
Brain, spinal cord, nerves
Regulates body functions.
Provides for sensation, m movement, automatic functions, and higher mental functions via nerve impulses.
What makes up the Endocrine system?
Pineal gland, Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus gland, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries and testes
Regulates body functions.
Regulates the functions of muscles, glands, and the other tissues through the secretion of chemicals called hormones.
What makes up the cardiovascular system?
Blood vessels, heart
Pumps and delivers oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood to the tissues.
Removes wastes from the tissues.
Transports cells, nutrients, and other substances.
What makes up the Lymphatic system?
Tonsils, lymph nodes, thymus, lymphatic vessels
Returns excess tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system.
Provides immunity (protection against disease)
What makes up the Respiratory system?
Nasal cavity, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Lungs
Delivers oxygen to the blood.
Removes carbon dioxide from the body.
What makes up the digestive system?
Mouth, salivary glands, Esophagus, liver, stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, large and small intestine.
Digests food.
Absorbs nutrients into the blood.
Removes food waste.
Maintains fluid, electrolytes, and acid-base balance.
What makes up the Urinary system?
Kidneys, ureters, Urinary bladder, Urethra
Removes metabolic wastes from the blood.
Stimulates blood cell production.
What makes up the Male Reproductive system?
Prostate gland, ductus deferens, testis, penis
Produces and transports sperm.
Secretes hormones.
Sexual function.
What makes up the Female Reproductive system?
Mammary glands, uterine tube, ovary, uterus, vagina
Site of fetal development.
Negative feedback loop
In a negative feedback loop the effector activity opposes the initial stimulus and shuts off when conditions return to the normal range.
A cell or organ that responds to the directions of the control center in a negative feedback loop is termed a(n):
Effector
The type of feedback that increases or enhances the effects of the variable is:
Positive
What major organs are housed in the thoracic cavity?
Lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea
What are the two subcavities of the dorsal body cavity?
Cranial and Vertebral (spinal) cavities
What separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?
Diaphragm
The thoracic cavity is situated superior to the abdominopelvic cavity and separated by the diaphragm. Therefore, the diaphragm creates a:
transverse (horizontal) plane, or cross section.
What organ(s) is/are covered by the pleura?
Lungs
What is the smallest level of organization in the human body?
The chemical level
Physiology is to __________ as anatomy is to __________.
function; structure
Which of the following is the correct sequence, from simplest to most complex, in the levels of structural organization of the human body?
Chemical level, Cellular level, Tissue level, Organ level, Organ system level, Organismal level
In laboratory, you will study the overall structure and shape of the femur bone without the aid of a microscope. This is a study known as:
Gross anatomy
