Exam 1 Flashcards
Define Physiology
STUDY OF BODY FUNCTION
DEFINE ANATOMY
THE STUDY OF BODY STRUCTURE
DEFINE GROSS ANATOMY
STUDY STRUCTURES WITH UNAIDED EYE (ORGAN SYSTEMS)
DEFINE HISTOLOGY
STUDUY OF TISSUES
DEFINE CYTOLOGY
STUDY OF CELLS
LIST THE LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION OF THE HUMAN ORGANISM
- ORGANISM LEVEL
- ORGAN SYSTEM LEVEL
- ORGAN LEVEL
- TISSUE LEVEL
- CELLULAR LEVEL
- CHEMICAL LEVEL
serous membrane that covers some abdominal organs.
PERTIONEUM
WHAT IS THE sequence OF negative feedback loop?
STIMULUS, RECEPTOR, CONTROL CENTER, EFFECTOR, REPSONSE
WHAT SEROUS MEMBRANE DIRECTLY CONTACTS AND SURROUNDS THE LIVER?
VISCERAL PERITONEUM
WHAT ARE THE TWO SUBCAVITIES OF THE POSTERIOR BODY CAVITY?
CRANIAL AND VERTEBRAL (SPINAL) CAVITIES
IF A NEED PUNCTURES THE SROUS MEMBRANES AROUND THE LUNGS, THE FIRST LAYER THAT THE NEEDLE WILL GO THROUGH IS THE…?
PATRIETAL PLEURA
THE MAINTENANCE OF A RELATIVELY CONSTANT INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT IS TERMED…?
HOMEOSTASIS
WHAT IS THE OUTER LAYER OF THE THORACIC WALL?
PATRIETAL PLEURA
THE TYPE OF FEEDBACK THAT INCREASES OR ENHANCES THE EFFECTS OF THE VARIABLE IS…?
POSTITIVE
WHICH SEROUS MEMBRANE COVERS SOME ABDOMINAL ORANGS?
PERTRIONUM
A CELL OR ORGRAN THAT RESPONDS TO THE DIRECTIONS OF THE CONTROL CENTER IN A NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP IS TERMED…?
EFFECTOR
WHAT REGION OF THE ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY LIES BETWEEN THE TWO ILIAC REGIONS?
EPIGASTRIC
THE CHANGE OBSERVED WHEN THERE IS MORE HEAT IN ONE AREA THAN ANOTHER
TEMPERATURE GRADIENT
THE FORCE BEHIND THE MOVEMENT OF GASES IN AND OUT OF THE LUNGS DURING RESPIRATION
PRESSURE GRADIENT
AMPLIFIES THE CHANGES IT DETECTS, LEADING TO AN ENHANCED RESPONSE
POSITITVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM
DRIVES OSMOSIS DUE TO DIFFERENCES IN SOLUTE CONCENTRATION BETWEEN TWO AREAS
CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
UTILIZED THE BODY TO COUNTER DEVIATIONS FROM SET POINTS AND RESTORE STABILITY
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM
WHAT BEST SUMMARIZES THE PRINCIPLE OF COMPLEMENTARITY OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION?
FORM FOLLOWS STRUCTURE
THE THORACIC CAVITY IS SITUATED SUPERIOR TO THE ABDOMINOPELVIC CAVITY AND SEPARATED BY THE DIAPHRAGM. THEREFORE, THE DIAPHRAGM CREATES WHAT TYPE OF PLANE?
WHAT CAVITIES ARE WITHIN THE ANTERIOR CAVITY?
ABDOMINAL, PELVIC, THORACIC
WHAT REGIONS OF ADBOMINOPELVIC CAVITY LIE BELOW THE CARTILAGE OF RIBS?
WHAT SEROUS MEMBRANE DIRECTLY CONTACTS AND SURROUNDS THE LIVER?
WHAT ARE TWO MAJOY METHODS BY WHICH CELLS COMMUNICATE TO COORDINATE THEIR FUNCTIONS?
CHEMICAL MESSENGERS AND ELECTRICAL SIGNALS
What is the building block of a lipid?
fatty acid
The primary source of chemical energy in the body is __________.
ATP
Which of the following statements about enzymes is not correct?
Enzymes do not alter the reactants or products.
Enzymes speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy.
Enzymes are highly specific for individual substrates and reactions.
Enzymes are permanently altered in the reaction.
Enzymes are permanently altered in the reaction.
Which of these factors will cause an increase in the rate of reaction?
absence of a catalyst
lower reactant concentration
presence of an enzyme
decrease in temperature
presence of an enzyme
The main structural component of cell membranes is
phospholipids.
Yuri is working with a chemical in lab. This chemical is composed of repetitive units that include a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a sugar known as ribose. He is working with:
a nucleic acid.
Which of the following is not one of the three major components of animal cells?
nucleus
extracellular fluid (ECF)
cytoplasm
plasma membrane
extracellular fluid (ECF)
What is NOT a function of the plasma membrane?
communication with other cells
catalyze macromolecules into subunits
structural support
isolate the cell from its surroundings
catalyze macromolecules into subunits
Which of the following is NOT one of the three major components of a typical eukaryotic cell?
ribosome
nucleus
cytoplasm
plasma membrane
ribosome
Which of the following acts as the digestive system of the cell, breaking down materials?
nucleus
ribosome
endoplasmic reticulum
lysosome
lysosome
Where in a typical eukaryotic cell would you expect to find genes?
in the DNA within the cell’s nucleus
WHAT IS A RECEPTOR?
A receptor is a membrane protein that binds to a chemical messenger called a ligand and allows for cell-cell communication.
The liver is an organ that can synthesize lipids, such as cholesterol, and detoxify poisons, such as alcohol. Which of the following organelles is abundant in liver cells?
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Which of the following is a function of lysosomes?
synthesize ATP
synthesize proteins
digest and recycle damaged organelles
detoxify certain chemicals through oxidation reactions
digest and recycle damaged organelles
