Lecture Exam 1 Flashcards
When was the era of wildlife abundance in North America?
Up until 1849
When was the Lewis & Clark Expedition to explore and document the west?
1804-1806
What period was considered the era of exploitation of wildlife in North America?
1850-1899
In what year was the first National Park designated? Which one was it?
1872 - Yellowstone National Park
What was the first significant wildlife legislation in the US? What year was it?
Geer vs. Connecticut, 1896
This established the Public Trust Doctrine
What are the 7 guiding principles of the North American Model of Wildlife Conservation?
- Wildlife is held in public trust.
- Wildlife use is allocated through law.
- Wildlife may be killed only for legitimate use.
- Commerce in dead wildlife is eliminated.
- Hunting opportunity is for all.
- Wildlife is an international resource.
- Science is the basis for wildlife policy.
What period was considered the era of protection in the US? What important law kicked off this era?
During what years was Teddy Roosevelt in office? Name 3 significant conservation actions he accomplished.
What was the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and what year was it passed?
What period was considered the era of game management in the US?
1933-1959
Who was Aldo Leopold? What years was he alive?
When was the US Fish & Wildlife Service established?
1935, originally as the Bureau of Sports, Fisheries, and Management
When was The Wildlife Society created?
1936
When was the Pittman-Robertson Act passed? What about Dingell-Johnson?
1937 - PR
1950 - DJ
What period was considered the era of environmental management in the US?
What was the Wilderness Act and when was it passed?
Created the National Wilderness Preservation System, which now protects more than 112 million acres as wilderness.
When was the ESA passed?
How many listed species have been delisted, recovered, and gone extinct?
What are 3 success stories of the ESA?
1973
Successes: gray wolf, bald eagle, american alligator
What was the National Forest Management Act? When was it passed?
What is the Food Security Act and when was it passed?
This is what is known as the “Farm Bill” in conservation circles.
What era is considered the modern conservation movement in the US? What organization’s founding marked its beginning?
What/when was CARA, and subsequently, Wildlife Action Plan?
What/when is RAWA?
It has passed the house, and is currently sitting in committee at the Senate awaiting a vote (as of 8/26/22). Funding would be set aside like P-R funds, but this money would come from the general fund.
What are the major geographic regions of Kentucky from west to east?
Why are some species able to co-exist when they would otherwise be competing for the same resources? Who created the niche hypervolume model?
In a healthy ecosystem, the abundance of resources allows for niche partitioning, where species that compete for similar resources will really focus in on what their specific niche/specialty is. A note: if a species has a specialty that overlaps with competing species specialty and its lower fitness options (see hypervolume diagram), that species will win out. This is often why invasive species are able to outcompete native species.
What are 4 categories of wildlife food preference?
Summarize the 3 main components of food
What are the components of a basic population model?
birth factors = sex ratio, recruitment, natality, age structure
death factors = disease, predation, harvest, auto collisions, disturbance
immigration = coming into a population
emigration = leaving a population
What are 3 patterns of distribution within a population?
What is habitat?
What is cover?
What are the main ways animals access water for their bodies?
What are the 3 energetic strategies of temperature regulation?
Draw and explain home range, territory, and core areas
Home ranges overlapping, area excluded from overlap is territory
Core areas define where animal is most likely to be found (50% probability, 95% probability, etc.)
