(lecture) dog management Flashcards
4 theories of dog domestication:
1) Selection of wolf puppies
2) Wolves exploited food sources from human activity
3) Dogs and humans co-evolved
4) Diversification of dogs with cultural and technological changes
very complex and likely combo of many things
sight: (compare to humans - 3)
- 6x less sensitive to DETAIL than humans
- WIDER field of vision than human
- LESS binocular vision (= less 3D vision)
sight: main features (3)
- tapetum lucidum (layer of tissue which reflects light back to retina)
- stereoscopic (visual info from 2 eyes to create 3D image)
- cannot see red (red-green colour blind)
smell: olfactory epithelium area cover (NOT THICKNESS)
18-150CM2 (?)
(HUMAN 3CM2)
smell: olfactory receptors
220million
(human 5mil)
body part that makes dog’s sense of smell so much better?
Jacobson’s organ (detects and identifies smells)
dogs can detecr substances at concs… lower than human
1000-100mill x
hearing: (compare to human)
15-40,000 Hz (humans 30-30,000Hz)
can hear over 4x human
taste:
bitter, sweet, salty, sour
1500 dog vs 9000 human buds
DEFINE: mixed breed
one or more parents of mixed breeds
e.g. Heinz 57
DEFINE: crossbreed
bred from parents that are both recognised breeds
e.g. Cockerpoos – Labradoodles – Puggles - Jugs
(parents are diff breeds)
DEFINE: purebreed
both parents are same breed
e.g. Labradors – Retrievers – Boxers – Poodles
DEFINE: pedigree
purebreed that is registered and known = HISTORY OR ANCESTORS - documentation
e.g. (same as purebreed breeds but with papers)
Labradors – Retrievers – Boxers – Poodles
roles of canines: (6)
- work
- research
- sport/hobbies
- companions
- feral
- breeding
TYPES OF DOG BREED - KENNEL CLUB (7)
- GUNDOG
- HOUND
- WORKING
- UTILITY
- TERRIER
- PASTORAL
- TOY
GUNDOG: job
mark/flush out game
retrieve dead game
HOUND: job
hunt game using sight/sound
WORKING dog: job
guard/search/rescue
UTILITY dog: job
range, not sporting/hunting
TERRIER: job
flush our game
kill vermin
PASTORAL dog: job
herd livestock (incl heelers)
TOY dog: job
companions, dainty enough to carry
factors owners should consider when selecting a dog: (5)
- place/space(?)
- exercise
- time
- finances
- breed knowledge
selecting a dog: factors to consider when choosing breed
- size
- lifespan
- exercise
- breed temperament
- ear type (some more susc. to ear infections?)
- skin type (allergies?)
dog training:
2 do’s
3 don’t’s (type of training)
DO:
- positive association
- rewards to reinforce desirable behaviour
DON’T:
- negative association
- !!! dominance/pack-type training
animal welfare legislation:
english companion animal law
give the 3 areas of responsibility
- to OWNERS (animals are property so unlawful to steal/damage)
- to OTHERS (e.g. people/property/other animals)
- to ANIMALS (e.g. welfare issues)
illegal to own in UK (5)
- name the law
- list the breeds
Dangerous Dogs Act 1991
-Pit Bull Terrier
-Japanese Tosa
-Dogo Argentino
-Fila Braziliero
-American XL Bully
legislation: 3 points to note
- ID: must have collar and ID tag with owner’s name and address whenever in public, and microchip
- seatbelt/belted in when in travelling in vehicles
- fouling must pick up
breeding/breeders legislation:
- dog breeding license for anyone breeding+advertising dogs for sale
(3< litters in UK,
may be less if deemed to be breeding and advertising business of selling dogs - local authority decides) - license details (incl license no) should be in advert details
- breeders must provide all welfare needs (e.g. soc, preventative healthcare plans with vet, toys, exercise)
- must not sell if <8wks
- must not sell if in need of vet. treatment (sick puppy)
- 3rd party sale banned (incl kittens): if buying a puppy under 6 months, must deal directly with
puppy’s place of birth (breeder/rehoming shelter)
TEMP
T - temperament
E - ears AND eyes
M - mouth
P - posture
T in TEMP:
- Tense facial expression?
- Moving/leaning away (actively avoiding situation)
- Lunging forwards
- Startling easily
- ‘freezing’
- Whining/whimpering/yelping
- Change in pitch of barking
- Barking in new situations
- Attention seeking (jumping up note this doesn’t always indicate happy dog!
- Refusing treats when normally would take them
- Pacing and unable to settle
- Guarding/reluctant to give something up
- Repetitively approaching and retreating from something
- Hiding behind objects/people
- Urinating/defecating in response to event
- Reluctant to come forward/follow command
E in TEMP: examples 7
E:
- Wide eyes (whites of eyes)
- Pupil dilation
- Ears low/back against head
- Avoiding eye contact
- Speed of blinking
M in TEMP: examples 6
M:
- Repeated yawning
- Repeated lip licking
- Tense lips
- Biting/nipping
- Growling/snarling
- Wrinkled muzzle
- Lifting lip to show teeth/showing all teeth (appeasement grin)
- Panting NOT related to temp or exercise
- Drooling with no food present
Open mouth breathing
P in posture: examples 5
P:
- Crouched
- Tail down/between legs (tucked)
- Low body posture
- Head down/to side
- Lifting one paw
- Tense and tail straight up
- Hackles raised
- Trembling (if not cold)
- Rolling onto back with stiff body posture and belly exposed, tail tucked
(can be very friendly or amber - dep on combo of other TEM factors e.g. are eyes wide and ears back = amber (appeasement), but ears soft and eyes normal = green)
also a dog is unlikely to be feeling so comfortable in a practice room
- Repetitive e.g. spinning in circles
- Stiff
4 F’s in behaviour:
- freeze
- flight
- FIGHT
- fidget
your own behaviour - aspects to consider (3)
- non-threatening body lang
- tone of voice (not high energy/threatening, too slow/fast)
- gesticulations (avoid sudden movements)
environment: things to avoid in practice (8)
- sharps on tables
- windows open
- wet floors
- table height wrong
- escape routes
- lack of restraint equipment
- loud
- visible patients
handling ‘checklist’ for when in practice e.g. consults: 8
- **species origin/evolutionary history
- indiv. animal history** (context of the interaction)
- **assess env and max env. comfort
- asses animal body lang** (comfort level and intent)
- own body lang and potential effect on animal
- **handler lang and attitude towards animal
- handling tools (?)
- safe and effective restraint**
6 aspects that may affect environmental comfort for an animal in consult:
- visual stimuli e.g. light levels
- auditory stimuli e.g. tone of voice
- olfactory e.g. cleaning products
- tactile e.g. slippery surfaces
- **gustatory* e.g. use of palatable food
- owner/handler presence e.g. may be good or have negative effect
