Lecture Check-In Quizzes + Reg Quizzes Flashcards
What stage of the perceptual process/cycle does transduction occur?
The Receptors Processes
If a firecracker explodes near you, the vibrations of your eardrum are…?
An example of a proximal stimulus
Action is produced by the motor system not the sensory parts of the brain, so why is ‘Action’ part of the perceptual process/cycle?
Action changes the environmental stimulus to restart the perceptual process/cycle
When you name an object as part of a perceptual study, what method is being used?
Recognition
What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative methods?
Quantitative methods involve counting and measuring, but qualitative do not.
Which method would allow you to collect a detection threshold in the shortest amount of time?
Method of adjustment
Where are Na+ and K+ when neurons are at rest?
Na+ ions are outside, and K+ ions are on the inside
As a neuron’s membrane potential becomes more positive it is undergoing…?
Depolarization
During action potentials…?
There is a Na+ ion influx (entering the cell) followed by a K+ ion efflux (exiting the cell)
What is the measure of rate coding for neurons?
Spikes per second
When neurons fire action potentials without any input it is called…?
Spontaneous firing
Does visible light have longer or shorter wavelengths than x-rays?
Longer
For focusing on near objects, accommodation in the human eye makes the lens…?
Thicker
What is the correct order of steps for the phototransduction cascade?
Light-activated opsin; Transducin; phosphodiesterase; decrease in cGMP
Where on the retina are there no rods present?
The Fovea
How long does it take to reach maximum light sensitivity upon entering a darkened room?
30 minutes
What is the technique called where the fraction of light being reflected out of the eye is measured?
Retinal Densitometry
Which statement best describes cone photoreceptor function?
Cones are low sensitivity cells specialized for high-intensity viewing
Which photoreceptor type has greater relative sensitivity to shorter wavelengths of visible light?
Rods
Retinal circuitry connected to ___ photoreceptors have more convergence.
Rods
How does convergence affect the relationship between sensitivity and acuity?
More convergence is associated with lower acuity but higher sensitivity
Why was the horseshoe crab useful for studying lateral inhibition?
Its compound eyes make it easy to stimulate individual ommatidia
Which parts of the Chevreul (staircase) illusion appear to be emphasized by lateral inhibition?
The border between rectangles.
According to the lateral inhibition explanation for the Hermann Grid, which parts of picture produce maximum lateral inhibition?
The white intersections.
Do you think ganglion cells connected to foveal cones would have big or small receptive fields?
Small
If neuron A is continuously sending IPSPs to neuron B, what happens to neuron B when neuron A is itself inhibited?
Neuron B will depolarize
ON-center bipolar cells receive ____ from photoreceptors, and OFF-center bipolar cells receive ____ from photoreceptors.
Glutamate // Glutamate
What is the difference between LGN receptive fields and V1 simple cell receptive fields?
V1 simple cells have an orientation preference, but LGN cells don’t
As one moves more synapses away from the photoreceptors, encoded features of visual neurons become…?
More complicated/intricate
If a cat is reared in an environment containing only vertically oriented bars…?
Its V1 will mostly contain neurons tuned for vertical orientations
What type of sensory encoding requires more neurons to encode for 10000 objects?
Specificity coding
The layers with the biggest cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) are…?
Magnocellular layers
The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) on the ____ side of your brain has receptive fields tiling the right visual field.
Left
If you were to record from 5 neurons within the same retinotopic column, where would the receptive fields be located?
They would overlap a single region of space
The Magnification factor refers to the large representation of the ______ in the retinotopic map
Fovea
If you were recording from a neuron in right V1 that had contralateral ocular dominance, which eye would drive this neuron’s responses most strongly?
Left
Vision for action __________ // Vision for perceiving objects __________
parietal stream // temporal stream
In macaques, lesions to the temporal lobes impair performance on the ______ task, but leaves performance on the ______ task unaffected
Object discrimination // Landmark discrimination
True or False: People with prosopagnosia cannot distinguish faces from other objects
False
True or False: The extrastriate body area (EBA) is activated by faces, limbs and torsos
False
True or False: The fusiform face area is in the ventral stream
True
When the eye is fully dark adapted, the retina is ___, and ___ light will be reflected out of the eye
not bleached // less
What is Top-down processing is based on?
The perceiver’s memory.
Where are rhodopsin proteins located on rod photoreceptors?
Disc Membranes
The ___ convergence the retinal circuit has, the is the ___ its acuity.
more // poorer
What is the definition of transduction, as used in Perceptual Processes?
The transformation of stimulus energy into neural activation
Which part of the eye does most of the job of focusing light on the retina?
The Cornea
How long would you have to sit in a dark room to achieve maximum dark adaptation?
20 minutes
Imagine a sensory neuron is being stimulated by a weak stimulus at first, then a strong stimulus later. How does this neuron signal the difference in stimulus strength?
For the stronger stimulus, the neuron fires more action potentials per unit of time
When a neuron is maintaining its resting potential, which type of ion has the highest concentration inside the cell?
K+
In general, would you say developing computer vision has been easy or hard?
Hard
As described in the “inverse projection problem”, how many objects can create the same retinal image?
Very many
Which group stated that “The whole is the sum of its parts”?
Structuralists
True or False: The law of uniform connectedness can override the law of proximity
True
True or False: The law of proximity indicates elements spread far apart will be pulled into close proximity and grouped into an object
False
