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PSYO2150 - Midterm #1 - Perceptual Processes > Lecture Check-In Quizzes + Reg Quizzes > Flashcards

Lecture Check-In Quizzes + Reg Quizzes Flashcards

1
Q

What stage of the perceptual process/cycle does transduction occur?

A

The Receptors Processes

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2
Q

If a firecracker explodes near you, the vibrations of your eardrum are…?

A

An example of a proximal stimulus

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3
Q

Action is produced by the motor system not the sensory parts of the brain, so why is ‘Action’ part of the perceptual process/cycle?

A

Action changes the environmental stimulus to restart the perceptual process/cycle

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4
Q

When you name an object as part of a perceptual study, what method is being used?

A

Recognition

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5
Q

What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative methods?

A

Quantitative methods involve counting and measuring, but qualitative do not.

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6
Q

Which method would allow you to collect a detection threshold in the shortest amount of time?

A

Method of adjustment

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7
Q

Where are Na+ and K+ when neurons are at rest?

A

Na+ ions are outside, and K+ ions are on the inside

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8
Q

As a neuron’s membrane potential becomes more positive it is undergoing…?

A

Depolarization

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9
Q

During action potentials…?

A

There is a Na+ ion influx (entering the cell) followed by a K+ ion efflux (exiting the cell)

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10
Q

What is the measure of rate coding for neurons?

A

Spikes per second

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11
Q

When neurons fire action potentials without any input it is called…?

A

Spontaneous firing

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12
Q

Does visible light have longer or shorter wavelengths than x-rays?

A

Longer

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13
Q

For focusing on near objects, accommodation in the human eye makes the lens…?

A

Thicker

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14
Q

What is the correct order of steps for the phototransduction cascade?

A

Light-activated opsin; Transducin; phosphodiesterase; decrease in cGMP

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15
Q

Where on the retina are there no rods present?

A

The Fovea

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16
Q

How long does it take to reach maximum light sensitivity upon entering a darkened room?

A

30 minutes

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17
Q

What is the technique called where the fraction of light being reflected out of the eye is measured?

A

Retinal Densitometry

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18
Q

Which statement best describes cone photoreceptor function?

A

Cones are low sensitivity cells specialized for high-intensity viewing

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19
Q

Which photoreceptor type has greater relative sensitivity to shorter wavelengths of visible light?

A

Rods

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20
Q

Retinal circuitry connected to ___ photoreceptors have more convergence.

A

Rods

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21
Q

How does convergence affect the relationship between sensitivity and acuity?

A

More convergence is associated with lower acuity but higher sensitivity

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22
Q

Why was the horseshoe crab useful for studying lateral inhibition?

A

Its compound eyes make it easy to stimulate individual ommatidia

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23
Q

Which parts of the Chevreul (staircase) illusion appear to be emphasized by lateral inhibition?

A

The border between rectangles.

24
Q

According to the lateral inhibition explanation for the Hermann Grid, which parts of picture produce maximum lateral inhibition?

A

The white intersections.

25
Q

Do you think ganglion cells connected to foveal cones would have big or small receptive fields?

A

Small

26
Q

If neuron A is continuously sending IPSPs to neuron B, what happens to neuron B when neuron A is itself inhibited?

A

Neuron B will depolarize

27
Q

ON-center bipolar cells receive ____ from photoreceptors, and OFF-center bipolar cells receive ____ from photoreceptors.

A

Glutamate // Glutamate

28
Q

What is the difference between LGN receptive fields and V1 simple cell receptive fields?

A

V1 simple cells have an orientation preference, but LGN cells don’t

29
Q

As one moves more synapses away from the photoreceptors, encoded features of visual neurons become…?

A

More complicated/intricate

30
Q

If a cat is reared in an environment containing only vertically oriented bars…?

A

Its V1 will mostly contain neurons tuned for vertical orientations

31
Q

What type of sensory encoding requires more neurons to encode for 10000 objects?

A

Specificity coding

32
Q

The layers with the biggest cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) are…?

A

Magnocellular layers

33
Q

The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) on the ____ side of your brain has receptive fields tiling the right visual field.

A

Left

34
Q

If you were to record from 5 neurons within the same retinotopic column, where would the receptive fields be located?

A

They would overlap a single region of space

35
Q

The Magnification factor refers to the large representation of the ______ in the retinotopic map

A

Fovea

36
Q

If you were recording from a neuron in right V1 that had contralateral ocular dominance, which eye would drive this neuron’s responses most strongly?

A

Left

37
Q

Vision for action __________ // Vision for perceiving objects __________

A

parietal stream // temporal stream

38
Q

In macaques, lesions to the temporal lobes impair performance on the ______ task, but leaves performance on the ______ task unaffected

A

Object discrimination // Landmark discrimination

39
Q

True or False: People with prosopagnosia cannot distinguish faces from other objects

A

False

40
Q

True or False: The extrastriate body area (EBA) is activated by faces, limbs and torsos

A

False

41
Q

True or False: The fusiform face area is in the ventral stream

A

True

42
Q

When the eye is fully dark adapted, the retina is ___, and ___ light will be reflected out of the eye

A

not bleached // less

43
Q

What is Top-down processing is based on?

A

The perceiver’s memory.

44
Q

Where are rhodopsin proteins located on rod photoreceptors?

A

Disc Membranes

45
Q

The ___ convergence the retinal circuit has, the is the ___ its acuity.

A

more // poorer

46
Q

What is the definition of transduction, as used in Perceptual Processes?

A

The transformation of stimulus energy into neural activation

47
Q

Which part of the eye does most of the job of focusing light on the retina?

A

The Cornea

48
Q

How long would you have to sit in a dark room to achieve maximum dark adaptation?

A

20 minutes

49
Q

Imagine a sensory neuron is being stimulated by a weak stimulus at first, then a strong stimulus later. How does this neuron signal the difference in stimulus strength?

A

For the stronger stimulus, the neuron fires more action potentials per unit of time

50
Q

When a neuron is maintaining its resting potential, which type of ion has the highest concentration inside the cell?

A

K+

51
Q

In general, would you say developing computer vision has been easy or hard?

A

Hard

52
Q

As described in the “inverse projection problem”, how many objects can create the same retinal image?

A

Very many

53
Q

Which group stated that “The whole is the sum of its parts”?

A

Structuralists

54
Q

True or False: The law of uniform connectedness can override the law of proximity

A

True

55
Q

True or False: The law of proximity indicates elements spread far apart will be pulled into close proximity and grouped into an object

A

False

PSYO2150 - Midterm #1 - Perceptual Processes (7 decks)

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