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Anatomy and Physiology I > Lecture Chapter 3 Section 3 > Flashcards

Lecture Chapter 3 Section 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Permeability

A

Membrane characteristic that determines which substances can pass through

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1
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Phospholipid bilayer
Contains integral proteins
Barrier separating ECF and cytoskeleton

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2
Q

Selectively permeable

A

Plasma membrane allows some, but not all, substances to pass

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3
Q

Selective permeability is based on:

A

Characteristics of substance

Features of the membrane

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4
Q

Characteristics of substances

A

Size and shape
Electric charge
Lipid solubility

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5
Q

Features of membranes

A

Types of integral proteins present

Ex: receptors, channels, pumps

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6
Q

Diffusion

A

Passive, movement of a substance along its concentration gradient-higher to lower

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7
Q

Why diffusion?

A

Continuous random movements (due to kinetic energy) and collisions of particles

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8
Q

Equilibrated substance

A

Random movement, no net movement

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9
Q

Types of membrane transport

A
  1. Passive transport

2. Active transport

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10
Q

Passive transport

A

Does not require ATP
Diffusion and osmosis
Carrier-mediated➡️ion channel

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11
Q

Active transport

A

Requires ATP
Vesicular transport
Carrier-mediated➡️pump

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12
Q

How do ion channels get there name?

A

The ion they let through

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13
Q

Diffusion rates are directly related to:

A

Temperature

Size of concentration gradient

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14
Q

Diffusion rates are inversely related to:

A

Distance of diffusion

Molecular size of substance

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15
Q

Electrical forces

A

Attraction: can accelerate diffusion
Repulsion: can reduce diffusion

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16
Q

How would a decrease in the oxygen concentration in lungs affect the diffusion of oxygen into the blood?

A

It would slow down the rate

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17
Q

Movement across lipid portion

A

No protein needed

Oxygen, Carbon, and lipid-soluble

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18
Q

Movement through protein channels

A

Water, ions, and small water-soluble molecules

19
Q

Movement using other proteins

A

Large molecules

20
Q

Water and solutes diffuse freely in:

21
Q

Osmolarity
aka
Osmotic concentration

A

Total solute concentration of the solution

22
Q

Tonicity

A

Effect of the solution on cell volume

23
Q

Tonicity depends on:

A

Solution’s osmotic concentration and permeability of solutes

24
Q

3 types of tonicity

A

Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
*extracellular compared to cytosol

25
Q

What matters to tonicity

A

of particles, not solute type

26
Q

Solutions that have different osmotic concentration create a situation for:

27
Q

Isotonic

A

No osmotic flow, no osmotic flow

RBC: stay same

28
Q

Hypotonic

A

Causes osmotic flow into cell, cells swell and lyse/burst

RBC: hemolysis

29
Q

Hypertonic

A

Causes osmotic flow out of cell, cells shrink

RBC: shrinks, crenation

30
Q

Water chases

31
Q

Osmosis

A

Diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane
Higher to lower concentration
Passive

32
Q

0.9% Normal saline

A

Isotonic solution

33
Q

Carrier-mediated transport

A

Protein helping

Hydrophilic or large molecules transported across cell membrane by carrier proteins

34
Q

3 types of carrier-mediated transport

A
  1. Facilitated diffusion
  2. Active transport
  3. Secondary active transport
35
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

Passive, no ATP

36
Q

Active transport

A

Requires ATP, K pump

37
Q

Secondary active transport

A

Indirectly requires ATP

38
Q

Active transport

Part II, pump

A

Leakage
Always pumping
ATP being used
3 sodium out

39
Q

Movement of a substance in secondary active transport

A

Depend on expending ATP in another process

40
Q

3 types of endocytosis

A
  1. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
  2. Pinocytosis
  3. Phagocytosis
41
Q

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

A

Ligand binds receptor

Membrane invaginates, forms vesicle, and receptor-ligand complex is internalized

42
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Cell drinking

Vesicles form at membrane, taking in ECF

43
Q

Phagocytosis

A

*white blood cell membrane surrounds bacteria forming vesicle that is internalized. Contents are digested

44
Q

Exocytosis

A

Vesicular transport out of the cell

Ex: hormones, sweat, waste

Anatomy and Physiology I (4 decks)

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