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Anatomy and Physiology I > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

0
Q

Cell body

A

Integrates information received from other neurons, transmits integrated information to its own axon hillock

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1
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive stimuli from environment or other neurons

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2
Q

Axon

A

Carries information toward other cells-neurons, gland cells, muscle cells, adipocytes

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3
Q

Axon hillock

A

Wider area attached to a cell body

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4
Q

Initial segment

A

Specific site on an axon hillock

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5
Q

Axolemma

A

Axon’s plasma membrane

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6
Q

Axoplasm

A

Axon’s cytoplasm

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7
Q

Collateral branches

A

Branches along the axon that allow neuron to communicate with multiple cells

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8
Q

Telodendria

A

Fine branches at end of axon

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9
Q

Synaptic terminals

A

✔️Ends of telodendria
✔️Small knobs
✔️Release neurotransmitters toward target cells

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10
Q

Synapse

A

Specialized site of communication between neuron and another cell

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11
Q

Presynaptic cell

A

Usually a neuron, presynaptic membrane releases neurotransmitters by exocytosis from synaptic vesicles

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12
Q

Synaptic cleft

A

Narrow spaces between pre and post synaptic cells

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13
Q

Post synaptic cell

A

Neuron, gland, or muscle

Post synaptic membrane contains receptors for neurotransmitters c

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14
Q

Very limited regeneration in the CNS

A

Most neurons in the brain and spinal cord lack centrioles and cannot divide

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15
Q

In adults, neural stem cells exist but are mostly inactive but exceptions are:

A

Olfactory epithelium
Retina of eye
Hippocampus

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16
Q

CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

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17
Q

Anaxonic neurons

A

✔️cell processes look alike
✔️brain and special sense organs
✔️poorly understood

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18
Q

Bipolar neurons

A

1 axon
1 dendritic process
Eyes, ears, olfactory epithelium

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19
Q

Unipolar neurons

A

Dendrites and axon are continuous
Cell body lies to side
Initial segment where dendrite conv.
Most sensory of PNS

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20
Q

Multipolar neurons

A

Multiple dendritic processes
One axon
Carries motor info from CNS to PNS
Most common type in CNS

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21
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Send info from PNS to CNS
Cell body in PNS
Unipolar, bipolar

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22
Q

Interneurons

A

Integrate info

Cells entirely located in CNS

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23
Q

Motor neurons

A

Send info from CNS to peripheral target tissues

Cell body located in CNS

24
Q

Afferent

A

Input/incoming

25
Q

Fiber

26
Q

Efferent

A

Output/exit

27
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Afferent
Unipolar, rare bipolar
Sensory axons=afferent fibers

28
Q

Interneurons

A

Multipolar
Only in CNS, where integrate info
Brain has billions

29
Q

Motor neurons

A

Efferent
Multipolar
Motor axons=efferent fibers

30
Q

Interneurons

A

Electrical bridges

31
Q

Sensory receptors are responsible for:

A

Monitoring information

32
Q

Sensory receptors are:

A

Dendrites of sensory neurons or cells monitored by sensory neurons

33
Q

Interoceptors

A

Monitor info inside body

Ex: blood pressure, taste, pain

34
Q

Proprioceptors

A

Monitor body position, movement of joints and muscles

35
Q

Exteroceptors

A

Monitor external info

Ex: touch, temp, light, sound, scent

36
Q

Somatic

37
Q

Visceral

A

All other targets

Two muscle types, adipose, glands

38
Q

Somatic sensory neurons

A

Unipolar

Use exteroreceptors and proprioreceptors

39
Q

Visceral sensory neurons

A

Unipolar

Use interoreceptors

40
Q

Somatic motor neurons

A

Send info to skeletal muscle ONLY

41
Q

Visceral motor neurons

A

Send info to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, and adipose

42
Q

Neuroglia=glial cells

A

Support and protect neurons
Abundant and diverse
Capable of mitosis/dividing
*why most primary brain rumors are gliomas(not neuronal)

43
Q

4 types of neuroglia in CNS

A

Ependymal cells
Microglia
A strictures
Oligodendrocytes

44
Q

Ependymal cells

A

✔️Form epithelial lining of CSF-filled spaces
✔️Help produce CSF
✔️Use cilia to circulate CSF

45
Q

Microglia

A

✔️Phagocytic

✔️Remove cellular debris, waste, pathogens

46
Q

Astrocytes

A 
Blood-brain barrier
✔️structural support between neurons and capillaries  
✔️regulate composition of ECF
✔️absorb and recycle neurotransmitters 
✔️form scar tissue
47
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

Stabilize positions of axons

Myelinate axons

48
Q

Myelin

A

Lipid-rich wrapping=myelin sheath

49
Q

Myelin functions to:

A

Insulates axon

Speeds impulse transmission

50
Q

White matter of CNS is made of:

A

Myelinated axons

51
Q

Gray matter of CNS contains

A

Neuron cell bodies and unmyelinated axons

52
Q

Neuroglia of PNS

A

Schwann cells

Satellite cells

53
Q

Schwann cells (PNS)

A

Surround most peripheral axons

Cover myelinated and unmyelinated axons

54
Q

Surface of Schwann cells

A

Neurilemma

55
Q

Satellite cells (PNS)

A

Surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia
Provide structural support
Regulate ECF

56
Q

Ganglia

A

Clusters of cell bodies in PNS

57
Q

Repair of damaged axon in PNS

A

Axon and myelin degenerate
Schwann cells proliferate
Axon grows along path
Schwann cells wrap elongating axon

Anatomy and Physiology I (4 decks)

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