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Public Relations Fundamentals > Lecture / Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Lecture / Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

1800 BC

A

iraq - primitive agriculture extension agents gave advice on how to grow better crops

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2
Q

461-429 BC

A

Athens city-state, development of “rhetoric” – male citizens free to debate/create/implement public policy - study of public opinions and methods of influencing it

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3
Q

rhetoric

A

social science based on research/planning/two way comms - seen as beginning of PR

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4
Q

100 BC

A

roman republic had philosophy of Vox populist (voice of the people) - led to roman downfall

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5
Q

middle ages (1445)

A

christianity spread through word of mouth, then Gutenberg bible via press - pamphlets w opinions, religious/political tracts, sharing of ideas via print

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6
Q

1600s

A

establishment of Congretio de Propaganda fide (congregation for the propagation of the faith) - est by Catholic Church to spread doctrine

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7
Q

georgiana cavendish

A

5th Duchess of Devonshire, traded kisses for votes for a friend’s election to parliament in 1784

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8
Q

1905

A

first organized pr effort in UK - national ass of local gov officers - educate public about role of local gov in British society

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9
Q

1880s

A

earliest development of PR profession in US - private owned businesses/industry embraced PR unlike private sector relations in UK which took place after WWIi

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10
Q

industrial revolution

A

growing pains led to redefined relationships among gov, business, people

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11
Q

progressive era / modern PR

A

period of reforms from 1890s to WWI in 1917. Democracy, social/gov institutions matured, public opinion grew more important, nation re-examind/redefined itself

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12
Q

social trends of progressive era

A

growth of institutions, expansion of democracy, improvement in comms, growth of advocacy, search for consensus

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13
Q

growth of institutions

A

social trend of prog era. larger companies, concentration of wealth, increased regulation of businesses, growth in size of gov, businesses/gov/labor orgs grew, need for effective comms increased

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14
Q

expansion of democracy

A

social trend of prog era. women right to vote, direct election of US senators, more people involved in political process, higher need for public discussion of policy issues. late 20th century black/minority groups got right to vote, 18 year olds right to vote during Vietnam war. democratic societies require better comms

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15
Q

improvement in comms

A

social trend of prog era. growth of national news services, national magazines, commercial radio (1920s), TV (1947), internet (1990s), SM (200s). Ability to comm w mass publics shifted from media companies to individuals

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16
Q

growth of advocacy

A

social trend of prog era. 1800s wave of immigrants came w old world politics to new world, increased political activism. Newspapers = instruments of social advocacy in early 20th century, WWII increased social advocacy, followed by civil/women/childrens/gay rights, environmentalism, consumerism, anti-war, multinationalism, rights for disabilities. advocators and communicators required PR skills

17
Q

search for consensus

A

social trend of prog era. US went from melting pot to duality of US and cultural identities. need to span cultural/philosophical differences via comms

18
Q

first ammendment

A

defines liberties that allow free practice of profession in first 45 words

19
Q

cooke

A

headed US first fundraising drive - sold bonds to finance war effort

20
Q

barnum

A

circus in 1871, “greatest show on earth” - father of press agentry in US, generated coverage through exageration/distortion/lies

21
Q

burlington / Missouri railroad

A

1869, encouraged immigrant settlements in American west, Liverpool public information campaign

22
Q

seedbed years (cutlip)

A

time when PR profession began to take root

23
Q

mutual life insurance company

A

1888 created literary bureau to publicize services

24
Q

publicity bureau

A

nations first PR agency, Boston 1900

25
Q

wolf smith

A

opened first “publicity business” 1902

26
Q

Parker lee agency

A

3rd US pr agency, 1904, folded 4 years later, credibility problems

27
Q

Roosevelt

A

saw concentration of power by business as democracy threat - sued corporations to break up monopolies/increase competition. Used White House as “bully pulpit”, father of presidential news conference

28
Q

Ledbetter Lee

A

formed Parker lee - bad rep of coal miners during strike, “declaration of principles” set precedent for PR ethical standards, didn’t live up to own words - accuracy was based not on “fact”, misled supporters, nazi sympathizer, “poison ivy”

29
Q

Committee for public info

A

CPI / Creel Committee, est by Woodrow Wilson, rallied nation behind WWI - sent out 75 million pamphlets

30
Q

four minute men

A

75 000 speakers gave 755190 talks to drum up home front morale talking during reel changes at cinemas

31
Q

Bernays

A

father of PR, nephew of Freud, former reporter/press agent, worked w creel, “public relations counsel” and two way comms concept, first PR course at NYU, favoured licensing profession, regretted work for tobacco companies

32
Q

Fleischman

A

mother of profession, married to Bernal’s, invisible business partner, writer fro tribune in 1914, freelance in 1916

33
Q

Office of War Info

A

made by presidential order (1942). headed by Davis to coordinate/control flow of info to home front, engage in experiments of psychological warfare

34
Q

Pre 20th century america

A

Boston tea party, federalist papers, first ammendment of US constitution

35
Q

post war boom

A

office of war info became training ground for new practitioners

36
Q

information age

A

new technology led to restructuring of workplace

37
Q

new millenium

A

post 9/11 terror attacks - PR force to bring people together

38
Q

colonization of Canada

A

fur trade, Hudson’s bay v Northwest trading company, trapping economy to agricultural to manufacturing to information

39
Q

generational cohorts

A

characteristics based on common experiences, values, morals, decisions, present in workplace

Public Relations Fundamentals (7 decks)

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