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MLSCI 242 > LECTURE - Brucella > Flashcards

LECTURE - Brucella Flashcards

1
Q

Agents of ________, a zoonotic disease with bioterrorism/bioweapon potential

A

brucelllosis

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2
Q

B. abortus

A

cattle

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3
Q

B. melitensis

A

goats and sheep

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4
Q

B. suis

A

swine

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5
Q

B canis

A

dog

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6
Q

Characteristics of Brucella species

A
  • non-motile
  • gram neg coccobacilli
  • strict aerobe
  • obligate mammalian pathogen; facultative intracellular (can grow in cells but don’t have to); only found in animal (not environment growing)
  • special nutritional requirements = thiamine, niacin, biotin; Blood agar ok
  • 2-3 days to grow at 37 C
  • biosafety level 3 to handle!!
  • CDC category B agent
  • causes granulomas
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7
Q

economically important disease of domesticated animals

A

Brucellosis ; worldwide!

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8
Q

Where is brucellosis more common

A

found worldwide but more common in countries that do not have good standardized and effective public health and domestic animal health programs
- high risk = Mediterranean Basin, South & Central America, Eastern Europe. Asia, Africa, Caribbean, Middle East

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9
Q

village cheeses

A

unpasteurized cheese from high endemic areas for Brucellosis may present risk for tourists

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10
Q

main species infecting Bison

A

Brucella abortus

- Tuberculosis and brucellosis = AB

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11
Q

Brucella

organotropism for pregnant uterus

A

cattle; B. abortus

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12
Q

Brucella

organotropism for mammary glands

A

goats and sheep; B. melitensis

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13
Q

four ways Brucella can get in

A
  • most common = ingestion of either contaminated dairy products, undercooked meats, etc.
  • abraded skin = vets, Abattoir workers
  • conjunctivae = by aerosols or fingers (rubbing eyes; hunter)
  • inhalation of aerosols = slaughterhouse procedures, lab accidents, vet manipulations
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14
Q

main virulence factors of Brucella spp.

A
  • LPS = 100 x less endotoxic than other LPSs but impairs innate immune response (complement binding)
  • PCS = molecular mimicry; phosphatidylcholine synthase
  • CGS = prevents phagosome-lysosome fusion
  • VirB is a type IV secretion system (injection needle); effector proteins modify host cell function; inhibit the phagosome-lysosome function
    • can survive in macrophages**
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15
Q

unusual growth p Brucella spp.

A

unipolar growth

  • asymmetric division
    ….
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16
Q

clinical manifestations of Brucella spp.

A
  • malaise
  • chills
  • fever (remittent)
  • headache
  • profuse sweats (esp. during the morning after a night fever)
  • neuropsychiatric (depression, anxiety or insomnia); don’t feel right = problem to diagnosing Brucella unless vet or something
  • *organism can end up all over body**
17
Q

diagnosis of Brucellosis

A
  • lab = blood cultures esp at a time of fever spikes; Casteneda bottles (sloped agar; layered over with broth)
  • quantitative serology (based on Abs patient will produce overtime); ELISA/EIA tests
  • clinical = occupation, raw milk, fresh cheese, travel, symptoms, signs
  • course of disease
17
Q

diagnosis of Brucellosis

A
  • lab = blood cultures esp at a time of fever spikes; Casteneda bottles (sloped agar; layered over with broth)
  • quantitative serology (based on Abs patient will produce overtime); ELISA/EIA tests
  • clinical = occupation, raw milk, fresh cheese, travel, symptoms, signs
  • course of disease
18
Q

serological tests for Brucella

A
  • Rose Bengal Test (RBT); agglutination; can quantitate; sensitive
  • serum agglutination test (SAT); sensitive
  • complement fixation test (CFT) = more specific; carried out on all RBT pos samples
19
Q

T or F. Brucella organisms live inside macrophages in organ tissue

A

T! start to fuse together as they attempt to wall off organisms invading but eventually, fibrin will form around the whole process = granuloma (giants cells of fused macs infected by organism); Th1 response needed to eliminate organisms

20
Q

Brucella as a facultative intracellular pathogen

A
  • live inside macs in organ tissue
  • inhibit phagosome-lysosome fusion
  • form granulomas
  • Th1 response needed to eliminate intracellular organisms
21
Q

Treatment and prevention of Brucellosis

A
    • Tetracyclin (works intracellularly) with rifampin or streptomycin
  • attenuated live vaccine available for cattle on;y
  • elimination (destruction of infected animals) is the most effective prevention
22
Q

model for evasion of lysosomal killing through expression of virulence factor (Brucella)

A
  • entry dependent on LPS and BvrR/BvrS regulatory system on surface
  • LPS + phosphatidylcholine synthase (PCS) and cyclic beta 1-2 glucan (CGS) = intracellular trafficking
  • interaction & fusion with ER elements leading to bacterial replication dependent on VirB type IV secretion system; since virB-effective mutant fails to sustain fusion-proficient interactions with the ER and ultimately fuses with lysosomes

MLSCI 242 (39 decks)

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