Lecture 9 - The Family Flashcards
What is socialisation?
The process by which children acquire the beliefs, values and behaviours that are considered desirable or appropriate by their culture or subculture
What is society’s primary instrument of socialisation?
The family
What is the definition of a family?
A social unit in which adult spouses or partners and their children share economic, social and emotional rights and responsibilities and a sense of commitment and identification
According to Brofenbenner and Morris (2006), what can affect the functioning of the family?
Changes in the behaviour of other members
What are routines?
Day to day activities that keep the family functioning
What are rituals?
Rituals involve for,al religious observances and family celebrations that have symbolic value and explain “this is who we are as a family”
What is the couple system?
The founding subsystem within the family system that joins the two partners
According to social learning theory, how can observing parents fighting affect children?
Social learning theory suggests that children learn by observing, so if they observe their parents fighting then this teaches them aggressive interaction strategies
Based on attachment theory, how can exposure to conflict between parents affect the children?
Exposure to conflict between parents and children can result in a sense of emotional insecurity which can lead to later problems in social interaction
Identify 5 functions of parenting?
Nurturing, discipline, language, teaching and monitoring
What is the co-parenting system?
Although mothers and fathers often act separately when they deal with their children, their actions are related
What sort of behaviour are children exposed to hostile-competitive co-parenting likely to exhibit in early childhood?
High levels of aggressive behaviour
Who do older siblings look to as their main source of social learning in comparison to younger siblings?
Older siblings look to parents whereas younger siblings look to both older siblings and parents
What does caregiving mean?
Providing protection and comfort so as to deactivate the need for attachment behaviour and restore a sense of security
What are the characteristics of an authoritative parent?
Reasonable demands, consistently enforced with sensitivity to and acceptance of the child
What are the characteristics of permissive parenting?
Few rules and demands which allow children to have much more freedom
What are the characteristics of an authoritarian parent?
Many rules and demands with few explanations and little sensitivity to the child’s needs and perspectives
What are the characteristics of uninvolved parents?
Few rules and demands and are uninvolved and insensitive to their children’s needs
What sort of parenting style are parents in good marriages likely to have?
Authoritarian
What sort of parenting style is likely to be observed in parents who are better at adapting to change or stressful circumstances?
Authoritative
What style of parenting is likely to describe neurotic parents who are depressed, anxious and obsessive?
Uninvolved
What style of parenting is likely to be observed in poorly educated parents?
Authoritarian
What sort of parenting style best describes parents who spoil their children and appeal to their demands?
Permissive
What are some of the developmental consequences of authoritative parenting in childhood?
Socially responsible, achievement-oriented, cooperative and high cognitive competencies
What are some of the developmental consequences of authoritarian parenting in childhood?
More dependent, poor social competence and compliant to authority figures
What are some of the developmental consequences of permissive parenting in childhood?
Immature, impulsive, less independent
What are some of the developmental consequences of uninvolved parenting in childhood?
Susceptible to peer pressure, socially incompetent and alienated from families
What are some of the developmental consequences of authoritative parenting in adolescence?
Psychological and behavioural advantage
What are some of the developmental consequences of authoritarian parenting in adolescence?
Low self esteem, more depressed and lower goals for achievement
What are some of the developmental consequences of permissive parenting in adolescence?
Problem behaviours, high self esteem, good social behaviour
What are some of the developmental consequences of uninvolved parenting in adolescence?
Delinquency, drug and alcohol use and sexual promiscuity
How can the psychological control exerted by authoritarian parents negatively affect children?
Parents with high psychological control can produce relationally aggressive behaviours in children
What aspects of authoritative parenting reduces children’s likelihood problem behaviours?
High behavioural control but low psychological control
What is bidirectional socialisation?
Parents behaviour affects children’s and children’s behaviour affects their parents
What is transactional socialisation?
Children and their parents change over time in a transactional process
What did Pelham et al (1997) find about the effect of deviant children on parents drinking behaviour?
Parents were more likely to drink if their children were deviant
How can cultural patterns affect child rearing?
Some cultures value individualistic behaviours whereas others collectivist values
