lecture 9 ph forest trees Flashcards
- Natural, gradual changes in the types of species
that live in an area; can be primary or
secondary. - The gradual replacement of
one plant community by
another through natural
processes over time.
succession
The gradual growth of an ecosystem in an area
lacking soil over a long period of time.
Often takes several hundred to a few thousand years.
Primary succession
Occurs when a plant community
has been destroyed without
severe disturbance to the soil.
Typically much faster but not
always.
Secondary succession
Primary Succession
* Begins in a place without any soil:
– Sides of volcanoes
– Landslides
– Flooding
- Starts with the arrival of living
things such as lichens that do
not need soil to survive.
organisms like lichens
are called
PIONEER SPECIES
- Soil starts to form as _________
and the forces of ___________________
and erosion help break down
rocks into smaller pieces and
move them to new areas. - When lichens die, they
____________, adding small
amounts of organic matter
to the rock to make soil. - Simple plants like _________________ can grow in the new soil.
-The _______________ die, adding more organic material to the soil. - The soil layer thickens. ________________, other plants, and small animals begin to take over.
lichens
weathering
decompose
mosses and ferns
simple plants
Grasses, wildflowers
Terrestrial Primary Succession
- Boreal Forest Biome
- Exposed rocks become
colonized by lichens and
mosses to create a soil. May
take hundreds to thousands of
years to establish a fertile soil - Small herbs and shrubs
- Heath mat
- Pine, spruce and aspen
- Climax Community; Balsam fir,
paper birch, white spruce
- loudest explosion noise ever on earth
- ashes lingered in 9 years
- killed more than 36,000
- exploded last 1883
krakatoa
Secondary Succession is initiated by an __________
- Secondary Succession occurs on land with
preexisting soil.
event
- The already-established ecosystem is reduced or drastically changed.
preexisting soil
- The process is similar to
Primary Succession
thereafter.
Secondary natural succession of pioneer species on a land that was cleared less than five (5) years ago
- Alim (Mallotus
multiglandulosus),
Aratiles (Multingia
calabura), Binunga
(Macaranga
tanarius),
Anabiong (Trema
orientalis) 2-5 yrs - Hagonoy (Euphatorium odoratum) 1-2
yrs
-1st year Cogon
a gap in the forest cover resulting
from tree fall
Chablis
Family __________________
____________________________
- White lauan
- Shorea is a genus of about 106
species of mainly rainforest trees.
The genus is named after Sir John
Shore, the governor-general of the
Bristish East India Company, 1793-
1798.
Dipterocarpaceae
Shorea contorta S. Vidal
Family Dipterocarpaceae
______________________
- Red lauan
- is one of the Philippine dark-red
mahogany group species, and it’s
THE true red lauan. Its
conservation status is classified by
IUCN as vulnerable, and
threatened according to DAO
2017-11 of the Department of
Environment and Natural
Resources
- Philippine endemic
Shorea negrosensis Foxw.
Family _______________
__________________________
- Trees in this genus are commonly
known as the stone oaks
Fagaceae
Lithocarpus spp.
Family _____________
______________________
- Ficus, (genus Ficus), genus of about 900 species of trees, shrubs, and vines in the family Moraceae, many of which are commonly known as figs.
Moraceae
Ficus spp.
