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Cardio/Pulm Final > Lecture 9: Normal ECG > Flashcards

Lecture 9: Normal ECG Flashcards

1
Q

How much time is represented between each dark line on an ECG?

A

0.2 seconds

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2
Q

How much time is represented between each light line on an ECG?

A

0.04 seconds

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3
Q

In what leads is the P wave inverted or variable?

A
  • Inverted in AVR
  • Variable in III and AVL
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4
Q

What is the normal time range for P-R interval?

A

.12-.20 seconds

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5
Q

A P-R interval >.20 seconds signifies what?

A

A 1st degree AV block

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6
Q

What is normal duration range of the QRS complex?

A

.05-.10 seconds

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7
Q

What should be observed in the ST segment?

A

Normally it is isoelectric; sometimes normally elevated, never normally depressed

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8
Q

In what leads is the T wave observed upright?

A

I, II, V3-V6

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9
Q

In what leads is the T wave observed inverted?

A

AVR

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10
Q

What is the normal height of a T wave in standard and precordial leads?

A

Standard = not greater than 5mm Precordial = not greater than 10mm

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11
Q

QT duration can be used as an indicator of what pathologies?

A

Myocardial Ischemia Myocardial Injury Myocardial Infarction

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12
Q

What kind of pattern is associated with inverted T waves?

A

Ischemic pattern

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13
Q

Abnormal Q wave or QS complex is associated with a pattern of?

A

Necrosis or infarction

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14
Q

In what leads can the direction of the T wave be variable?

A

III, aVL, aVF, and V1-V2

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15
Q

Which individuals can have a prominence of the ST segment as a variation of their normal?

A

African American’s

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16
Q

What 2 syndromes do you see a shortened P-R interval?

A

1) Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrom 2) Lown-Ganong-Levine Syndrome

17
Q

A QRS <0.12 seconds tells us there is no?

A

Bundle branch block

18
Q

What bpm constitutes Tachycardia and Bradycardia?

A

Tachy = >100 bpm Brady = <60 bpm

19
Q

What numbers constitute the rule of 3’s for determining heart rate from an ECG

A

Count from R wave –> R wave 300, 150, 100, 75, 60, 50

20
Q

How to count slow or irregular rhythms?

A

Use the 3-second strip at the top of the strip. Count the number of QRS complexes that appear in 6-seconds.Add a zero or multiply by 10 to the number of QRS complexes you counted.

21
Q

To get any heart rate from the ECG what do you divide?

A

Heart rate per minute = 300/Number of large squares 300 –> 300/2 –> 300/3 –> 300/4…etc.

22
Q

If counting number of QRS between a 3-second marker what do you multiply by?

A

20

23
Q

What are the rates between 300 and 150 (smaller sqaures)?

A

300 –> 250 –> 214 –> 188 –> 167 –> 150

24
Q

Using only the small boxes how do you find the rate?

A

1500/number of small boxes = heart rate per minute

25
Q

What leads are perpendicular to lead I, II, and III?

A

Lead I –> aVF Lead II –> aVL Lead III –> aVR

26
Q

If lead I is positive and aVF is positive what is the axis?

A

Normal axis (0 to +90 degrees)

27
Q

If lead I is positive and aVF is negative what is the axis?

A

Left axis deviation (-30 to -90 degrees)

28
Q

If lead I is negative and aVF is positive what is the axis?

A

Right axis deviation (+100 to +180)

29
Q

If both lead I and aVF are negative what is the axis?

A

Extreme right axis deviation (-90 to +180)

30
Q

In what leads is the P-wave upright?

A

I, II, V4-V6, and aVF

31
Q

Normal T wave height in both standard and precordial leads?

A

Standard: Not greater than 5mm Precordial: Not greater than 10mm

32
Q

What abnormality is shown here?

A

P-mitrale: notched and broad P-waves (look like ‘M’)

33
Q

What abnormality is shown here?

A

P-pulmonale: Tall Pointed and Peaked P-waves

Seen in pt’s with Pulmonary disease

34
Q

What abnormality is seen here?

A

A-V junctional rhythm: inverted P in leads II and III with short P-R interval

35
Q

A shortened P-R interval <0.12 secs signifies?

A

A-V junctional and low atrial rhythms

36
Q

A wide QRS complex signifies?

A

A bundle branch block

Cardio/Pulm Final (18 decks)

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