Lecture 9 - Lophotrochozoa Flashcards
Lophotrochozoa include these 2 types of animals
Lophophore, Trochophore larvae
Traits of Lopophore
Rings of mouth, functions in suspension feeding, composed of cilliated tentacles
Lophophore includes
Phoronida, Brachiopoda, Bryozoa
Traits of Trocophore
A type of larva, with a ring of cillia around the middle used for swimming in feeding, found in molluscs and annelids
Lophotrochozoa in Tree
Was divided into Platyzoa and Lophotrochozoa, Platyzoa is now included in Lophotrochozoa, Lophotrochozoa is the group 1 protostomes
What is a Rotifer (5 traits)
Microscopic, pseudocoelom, radial cleavage, ciliated feeding structure called corona present in some, sexual and parthenogenetic species
What is a Flatworm? (4 traits)
Phylum Platyhelminthes, flattened body, acoelomate, lacks organs for exchange and circulation of oxygen and nutrients
Flatworm (Phylum Platyhelminthes) 4 major lineages:
Turbellaria, Cestoda, Trematoda, Monogenea
Turbellaria (lineage from Platyhelminthes) 5 traits
Freshwater or marine, predatorial or scavenger, blind digestive tract, hermaphrodictic, some can reproduce asexually via fission
Cestoda (lineage from Platyhelminthes) 5 traits
Endoparasitic tapeworms, parasitize diverse vertebrates, absorb nutrients thru epidermis, acquired by eating uncooked meat, all are hermaphrodites
Trematoda (lineage from Platyhelminthes) 4 traits
Flukes, Endoparasitic or ectoparasitic, parasitize mollusks and vertebrates in various stages of their life cycle, blind (open only at one end) digestive tract
Monogenea (lineage from Platyhelminthes) 4 traits
Ectoparasites, parasitize skin or gills of fishes, hermaphroditic, blind digestive tract
Was the ancestor of Platyhelminthes a parasite?
No
Platyhelminthes nervous system
CNS (centralized nervous system) that is “ladder-like”: composed of nerve cords and commissures that connect them
What is a segmented worm? (Phylum Annelida) , 4 traits
Phylum Annelida, segmented anatomy, has ladder-like 1 ganglion CNS, coelomic pouches separated by septa aka internal boundaries btw segments, annulated epidermis aka external boundaries between segments, 1 pair of nephridia per segment aka organ of excretion or osmoregulation
Three segmented groups of Segmented worms (Phylum Annelida)
Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Hirudinea
Polychaeta (one of the segmented worm aka Annelida types) 5 traits
Mostly marine worms, mostly detritivores, has segmented parapodia with many chaetae, reproduce sexually, external fertilization
Oligochaeta (one of the segmented worm aka Annelida types) 6 traits
Earthworms, deposit feed in soils, lack parapodia, have few chaetae, hermaphroditic, internal fertilization
Hirudinea (one of the segmented worm aka Annelida types) 5 traits
Leeches, sequential hermaphroditism aka born male then develop into female, ectoparasites eat blood, nonparasitic leeches are predators or scavengers, no parapodia or chaeta
Unsegmented Annelida types (3)
Sipuncula, echiura, pogonophora
What is a mollusk? (4 traits)
Nervous systems range from centralized to nerve-net, sexual reproduction, external fertilization, characteristic body plan of mollusks
4 Main groups of mollusks
Polyplacophora (chitons), bivalvia ( clams and mussels), Gastropoda (slugs and snails), Cephalopoda (squids and octopuses)
What is a mollusk foot? (3 uses)
Used for locomotion in gastropods and chitons, used as a digging appendage in bivalves, used as tentacles in cephalopods
What is the mollusck visceral mass? (4 traits)
Includes most organs, forms an open circulatory system called a hemocoel aka blood filled cavity in most groups, cephalopods have a closed circulatory system, a radula is found at the anterior end
