Lecture 9 - Lophotrochozoa

Question 1

Lophotrochozoa include these 2 types of animals

Answer 1

Lophophore, Trochophore larvae

Question 2

Traits of Lopophore

Answer 2

Rings of mouth, functions in suspension feeding, composed of cilliated tentacles

Question 3

Lophophore includes

Answer 3

Phoronida, Brachiopoda, Bryozoa

Question 4

Traits of Trocophore

Answer 4

A type of larva, with a ring of cillia around the middle used for swimming in feeding, found in molluscs and annelids

Question 5

Lophotrochozoa in Tree

Answer 5

Was divided into Platyzoa and Lophotrochozoa, Platyzoa is now included in Lophotrochozoa, Lophotrochozoa is the group 1 protostomes

Question 6

What is a Rotifer (5 traits)

Answer 6

Microscopic, pseudocoelom, radial cleavage, ciliated feeding structure called corona present in some, sexual and parthenogenetic species

Question 7

What is a Flatworm? (4 traits)

Answer 7

Phylum Platyhelminthes, flattened body, acoelomate, lacks organs for exchange and circulation of oxygen and nutrients

Question 8

Flatworm (Phylum Platyhelminthes) 4 major lineages:

Answer 8

Turbellaria, Cestoda, Trematoda, Monogenea

Question 9

Turbellaria (lineage from Platyhelminthes) 5 traits

Answer 9

Freshwater or marine, predatorial or scavenger, blind digestive tract, hermaphrodictic, some can reproduce asexually via fission

Question 10

Cestoda (lineage from Platyhelminthes) 5 traits

Answer 10

Endoparasitic tapeworms, parasitize diverse vertebrates, absorb nutrients thru epidermis, acquired by eating uncooked meat, all are hermaphrodites

Question 11

Trematoda (lineage from Platyhelminthes) 4 traits

Answer 11

Flukes, Endoparasitic or ectoparasitic, parasitize mollusks and vertebrates in various stages of their life cycle, blind (open only at one end) digestive tract

Question 12

Monogenea (lineage from Platyhelminthes) 4 traits

Answer 12

Ectoparasites, parasitize skin or gills of fishes, hermaphroditic, blind digestive tract

Question 13

Was the ancestor of Platyhelminthes a parasite?

Answer 13

No

Question 14

Platyhelminthes nervous system

Answer 14

CNS (centralized nervous system) that is “ladder-like”: composed of nerve cords and commissures that connect them

Question 15

What is a segmented worm? (Phylum Annelida) , 4 traits

Answer 15

Phylum Annelida, segmented anatomy, has ladder-like 1 ganglion CNS, coelomic pouches separated by septa aka internal boundaries btw segments, annulated epidermis aka external boundaries between segments, 1 pair of nephridia per segment aka organ of excretion or osmoregulation

Question 16

Three segmented groups of Segmented worms (Phylum Annelida)

Answer 16

Polychaeta, Oligochaeta, Hirudinea

Question 17

Polychaeta (one of the segmented worm aka Annelida types) 5 traits

Answer 17

Mostly marine worms, mostly detritivores, has segmented parapodia with many chaetae, reproduce sexually, external fertilization

Question 18

Oligochaeta (one of the segmented worm aka Annelida types) 6 traits

Answer 18

Earthworms, deposit feed in soils, lack parapodia, have few chaetae, hermaphroditic, internal fertilization

Question 19

Hirudinea (one of the segmented worm aka Annelida types) 5 traits

Answer 19

Leeches, sequential hermaphroditism aka born male then develop into female, ectoparasites eat blood, nonparasitic leeches are predators or scavengers, no parapodia or chaeta

Question 20

Unsegmented Annelida types (3)

Answer 20

Sipuncula, echiura, pogonophora

Question 21

What is a mollusk? (4 traits)

Answer 21

Nervous systems range from centralized to nerve-net, sexual reproduction, external fertilization, characteristic body plan of mollusks

Question 22

4 Main groups of mollusks

Answer 22

Polyplacophora (chitons), bivalvia ( clams and mussels), Gastropoda (slugs and snails), Cephalopoda (squids and octopuses)

Question 23

What is a mollusk foot? (3 uses)

Answer 23

Used for locomotion in gastropods and chitons, used as a digging appendage in bivalves, used as tentacles in cephalopods

Question 24

What is the mollusck visceral mass? (4 traits)

Answer 24

Includes most organs, forms an open circulatory system called a hemocoel aka blood filled cavity in most groups, cephalopods have a closed circulatory system, a radula is found at the anterior end

Question 25

What is a mollusk radula?

Answer 25

Feeding structure, in all mollusk groups except for bivalvia

Question 26

What is the mollusk mantle? (5 traits)

Answer 26

Secretes shells of calcium carbonate, internal lung found in mantle in many gastropods, muscular siphons in bivalves and cephalopods, in bivalves siphons force water over the gills, in cephalopods a sipon provides jet propulsion