Lecture 16 - Nervous Systems 1

Question 1

Nerve Net (2)

Answer 1

Diffuse network of neurons, may include ganglia (a cluster of neurons)

Question 2

Central Nervous System (CNS) (3)

Answer 2

Includes the brain (anterior-most cluster of neurons), nerve cord (prominent, longitudinally extending condensed part of CNS), the nerve cord may include ganglia

Question 3

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) (2)

Answer 3

Neurons and ganglia located outside of the CNS, Connects the muscles, organs, and sensory cells to the CNS

Question 4

Origin of nerovus sytems (5)

Answer 4

1. The ancestor of animals did not have a nervous system
2. Nerve nets evolved first after sponges diverged
3. CNS evolved from nerve nets
4. CNS evolved between 1 and 9 times
5. All animals with a CNS also have a PNS

Question 5

What is a neuron? (3)

Answer 5

The cell of the nervous system that specializes in nerve impulses, only found in animals, not found in sponges or Placozoa

Question 6

Parts of a neuron (3)

Answer 6

Dendrites, cell body, axon

Question 7

Dendrites (3)

Answer 7

Highly branched group of relatively short projections, receive signals from other axons at other neurons, send signals to cell body

Question 8

Cell Body (3)

Answer 8

Houses nucleus, receives signals from dendrites or from axons of other neurons, sends a response signal to the axon

Question 9

Axon (3)

Answer 9

One or more long projections, receives signals from the cell body, sends signals to the dendrites and cell bodies of other neurons

Question 10

Synapse (2)

Answer 10

Where axons from one neuron meet dendrites or a cell body of another neuron, where signaling between neurons take place

Question 11

Types of neurons (3)

Answer 11

Sensory neurons, motor neurons, interneurons

Question 12

Sensory neuron (3)

Answer 12

Part of the PNS, carry sensory information to the CNS, bundled together into nerves

Question 13

Interneuron (3)

Answer 13

Part of the CNS, receive signals from sensory neuron, send signal to motor neuron

Question 14

Motor neuron (4)

Answer 14

Part of the PNS, receive signal from interneuron, send signal to muscle cell, bundled together into nerves

Question 15

Frankenstein’s monster IRL (3)

Answer 15

Giovanni Aldini - 19th century Italian scientist who studied galvanism - bioelectricity - and experimented on animal corpses, was thought to be the influence behind Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, reanimated the corpse of murderer George Foster in 1803