Lecture 9 liverdetox Flashcards
What substances carry out Phase I liver detox
Cytochrome P450 enzymes
What are 4 inducers of phase 1 liver detox
alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, saturated fats
What are 4 inhibitors of Phase 1 liver detox
naringenin, curcumin, vit and min deficiencies, anti-histamines
What are the primary nutrients for phase 1 liver detox?
Vitamin C, Mg, Zn, Cu
What are the secondary nutrients for phase 1 liver detox?
B1, B2, B3, B6, folate, B12, branch-chain amino acids, Fe
What are the 6 pathways in Phase II liver detox?
GASMAG: glutathione conjugation, amino acid conjugation, sulfation, methylation, acetylation, glucoronidation.
What are the primary amino acids to fuel Phase II liver detox?
cysteine, glycine, glutamine, methionine, taurine, ornithine, arginine (chubby guys gave money to overweight argintineans)
What are the primary vitamins to fuel Phase Ii detox?
Vit C, B1, b2, B3, B5, B6, folate, B12, alpha-lipoic acid, betaine, choline
What are the primary minerals to fuel phase II detox?
Mg, Molybdenum, SAMe, glucaronic acid, N-acteyl-cysteine
Name 5 nutrients and cofactors in glutathione conjugation
glutathione, selenium, vitamin C, glutamine, cysteine, glycine, zinc, (B2, B6, methioinine)
name 2 drugs processed by glutathion conjugation
alcohol penicillin
Name two inducers of glutathione conjugation
brassicas (eg brocolli), limonene (orange peel)
Name two inhibitors of glutathione conjugation
vitamin and mineral deficiencies
eg selenium, zinc, vit B2
what are the amino acids used in amino acid conjugation
GGOAT - glutamine, glycine, ornithine, arginine, taurine
What is a substance processed by amino acid conjugation
bile salts, salicylates
what induces AA conjugation
glycine
what inhibits AA conjugation
low protein diet
what amino acids are needed in the sulphation pathway
B6, molybdenum, cysteine, glutathione, methionine, taurine
what drugs are processed in the sulphation pathway
amines (meat) phenols
what endogeonous compounds ar eprocessed in sulphation pathway
DHEA, oestrogen cortisol, testosterone
inducers of sulphation pathway
cysteine, methionine, taurine
inhibitors of sulphation pathway
molybdenum deficiency, NSAIDs, tartrazine (yellow)
What are nutrients required for methylation pathway
B12, folate, choline, betaine, SAMe, methionine
what drugs are processed
morphine, catecholamines
what are the inducers of methylation pathway
choline, methionine, betaine, B12, folic acid
what are the inhibitors of the methylation pathway
B12 or folic acid deficiency
what are the nutrients of the acetylation pathway
B1, b2, B3, B5, lipoic acid, Vitamin C
What are the dietary or endogenous compounds processed in acetylation pathway
serotonin, histamine, caffeine
what are the inhibitors of the acetylation pathway
vitamin or mineral deficiencies (eg B2 B5, or vit C)
What nutrients are uned in the glucaronidation pathway
glucaronic acid
What drug is processed in glucaronidation pathway
salicylates
what are inducers of the glucaronidation pathway
fish oils, smoking, OCP
what inhibits the glucaronidation pathway
asprin
