Lecture 9 liverdetox

Question 1

What substances carry out Phase I liver detox

Answer 1

Cytochrome P450 enzymes

Question 2

What are 4 inducers of phase 1 liver detox

Answer 2

alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, saturated fats

Question 3

What are 4 inhibitors of Phase 1 liver detox

Answer 3

naringenin, curcumin, vit and min deficiencies, anti-histamines

Question 4

What are the primary nutrients for phase 1 liver detox?

Answer 4

Vitamin C, Mg, Zn, Cu

Question 5

What are the secondary nutrients for phase 1 liver detox?

Answer 5

B1, B2, B3, B6, folate, B12, branch-chain amino acids, Fe

Question 6

What are the 6 pathways in Phase II liver detox?

Answer 6

GASMAG: glutathione conjugation, amino acid conjugation, sulfation, methylation, acetylation, glucoronidation.

Question 7

What are the primary amino acids to fuel Phase II liver detox?

Answer 7

cysteine, glycine, glutamine, methionine, taurine, ornithine, arginine (chubby guys gave money to overweight argintineans)

Question 8

What are the primary vitamins to fuel Phase Ii detox?

Answer 8

Vit C, B1, b2, B3, B5, B6, folate, B12, alpha-lipoic acid, betaine, choline

Question 9

What are the primary minerals to fuel phase II detox?

Answer 9

Mg, Molybdenum, SAMe, glucaronic acid, N-acteyl-cysteine

Question 10

Name 5 nutrients and cofactors in glutathione conjugation

Answer 10

glutathione, selenium, vitamin C, glutamine, cysteine, glycine, zinc, (B2, B6, methioinine)

Question 11

name 2 drugs processed by glutathion conjugation

Answer 11

alcohol penicillin

Question 12

Name two inducers of glutathione conjugation

Answer 12

brassicas (eg brocolli), limonene (orange peel)

Question 13

Name two inhibitors of glutathione conjugation

Answer 13

vitamin and mineral deficiencies

eg selenium, zinc, vit B2

Question 14

what are the amino acids used in amino acid conjugation

Answer 14

GGOAT - glutamine, glycine, ornithine, arginine, taurine

Question 15

What is a substance processed by amino acid conjugation

Answer 15

bile salts, salicylates

Question 16

what induces AA conjugation

Answer 16

glycine

Question 17

what inhibits AA conjugation

Answer 17

low protein diet

Question 18

what amino acids are needed in the sulphation pathway

Answer 18

B6, molybdenum, cysteine, glutathione, methionine, taurine

Question 19

what drugs are processed in the sulphation pathway

Answer 19

amines (meat) phenols

Question 20

what endogeonous compounds ar eprocessed in sulphation pathway

Answer 20

DHEA, oestrogen cortisol, testosterone

Question 21

inducers of sulphation pathway

Answer 21

cysteine, methionine, taurine

Question 22

inhibitors of sulphation pathway

Answer 22

molybdenum deficiency, NSAIDs, tartrazine (yellow)

Question 23

What are nutrients required for methylation pathway

Answer 23

B12, folate, choline, betaine, SAMe, methionine

Question 24

what drugs are processed

Answer 24

morphine, catecholamines

Question 25

what are the inducers of methylation pathway

Answer 25

choline, methionine, betaine, B12, folic acid

Question 26

what are the inhibitors of the methylation pathway

Answer 26

B12 or folic acid deficiency

Question 27

what are the nutrients of the acetylation pathway

Answer 27

B1, b2, B3, B5, lipoic acid, Vitamin C

Question 28

What are the dietary or endogenous compounds processed in acetylation pathway

Answer 28

serotonin, histamine, caffeine

Question 29

what are the inhibitors of the acetylation pathway

Answer 29

vitamin or mineral deficiencies (eg B2 B5, or vit C)

Question 30

What nutrients are uned in the glucaronidation pathway

Answer 30

glucaronic acid

Question 31

What drug is processed in glucaronidation pathway

Answer 31

salicylates

Question 32

what are inducers of the glucaronidation pathway

Answer 32

fish oils, smoking, OCP

Question 33

what inhibits the glucaronidation pathway

Answer 33

asprin